Grand Maestro Johann Sebastian Bach for his own long-term life has managed to write more than a thousand works. Being a devout Protestant, Bach reworked churchworks in the Baroque style. Many of his masterpieces belong to religious music. His work covers all significant musical genres except the opera. The composer from Germany entered the story as a virtuoso, a brilliant teacher, the best dropletaster, as well as a professional organist.

The first years and youth of the Bach

Johann was the last child in the family of Johann Ambrosius Baha and Elizabeth Amber. He was born on March 31 in 1685. The history of this family has always been associated with music and its manifestations. From the 16th century, many parents of Baha were considered rather professional musicians. Native Father Johanna Sebastian lived in German Eisenach. There he performed the preparation of concerts, as well as to reproduce music for the flock. At 9 years old, the future virtuoso lost his mother, and soon the Father. The older brother of Baha Christoph received a boy to himself. A relative, carefully taking care of the orphanage, also worked as an organist in the neighboring city. There Bach entered the gymnasium, he also studied the game on the organ and its key to the relative.

In the process of learning, Johann familiarized himself with the works of South German performers, studied the music of the German north and French south. At the age of fifteenth, Johann Sebastian moved to live in Luneburg. Until 1703, he managed to study at Sch. Mikhail. In adolescence, Bach traveled a lot in Germany. Hamburg looked, assessed by Celle, as well as the province of Lubeck.

In the Religious School, Johann acquired knowledge about the church and religion, the history of many countries and geography, accurate sciences, French, Latin and Italian. In the educational institution Bach communicated with the children of local nobility and musicians.

For the musician Bach was well educated. He had a qualitative idea of \u200b\u200bmany secular areas, was an excellent student, absorbed knowledge like a sponge.

Master: Life Path

After graduating from studying, Bach received the work of the court performer under the patronage of the Duke of Ernst. After a brilliant service, after about a year later, Johann was determined by a caretaker in the temple. So began his work in Arnstadt. Since the workers duties took the Baha for 3 days a week, and the tool in the church was in excellent condition, he had a lot of time to write his own musical creations.

Despite the extensive ties and the patronage of employers, Johann still arose conflict with the authorities of the city, as he was saddened by the preparation of choral performers. In 1705, Johann went to Lübeck for a couple of months to learn how to play virtuoso, how the Danish organist was played by a building station.

Bach's output did not remain unnoticed. After that, the bosses nominated the charges against the Baha, which were in non-standard accompanies of the music of the choir, confused by the community. Indeed, the work of Johann could not be called purely secular or only religious. In his work, it was combined in the incompatible, mixed with the fact that in reality it was simply impossible to combine.

After that, in 1706, Johann changed the place of service. He switched to a more prestigious position in the arrival of St. Mistra. Then he had to move to the small town of Mülhausen. There at the new place Johann Sebastian came to the yard. He was appointed good salary. Yes, and the working conditions in the new temple were significantly better. There Bach was in detail the restoration plan of the church authority. Restoration work The church authorities approved completely. In 1707, Johann Sebastian made an offer to his cousin Mary. Later, 7 children were born in the family of Bach, unfortunately, three of them died in infancy.

Running the old way of life, Johann Bach went to search for another position. The former employer did not want to let the Bach and even tried to arrest him for persistent requests for dismissal, but in 1717, Prince Leopold personally accepted Baha to the post of his dropleter. Successfully working under the top of the prince, Bach created many new works.

In 1720, on July 7, the young wife of Johanna Sebastian Maria suddenly died. Highly experienceing the tragedy, Johann wrote a musical essay, expressing his grief with the help of the Parnor Pupil for Violin Solo. This work subsequently became its business card. When Baha's wife died, the elderly relative, who lived in the Bach family was helped to take care of the children, who lived in the Bach family to the end of his days.

A year later, mourning and launions about the lost beloved Johann Bach met with Anna Wilke. The girl was heard a gifted singer, speaking at the yard of the duke. A year later, their wedding took place. In the second marriage, Johann had 13 children. Seven babies died at an early age.

When the life of the peripetias lay down, Bach became the manager of the Choir of St. Thomas and at the same time a teacher in a church school. Unfortunately, over the years, Johann Bach began to lose sight of sight, but the great composer did not give up, and continued to write music, dictating notes to his son-in-law.

Last years Bach worked for rumor, his late musical insinuations are considered the most saturated and complex than the early creations.

Johann Bach went to the world in another 28 July 1750. The Great Maestro was buried in the Church of St. John, there was a church nearby, where he served 27 years. Then on July 28, 1949, the composer was moved to the arrival of St. Thomas. The transfer was due to military actions that destroyed his tomb. In 1950, a bronze tombstone was established on the grave of the virtozoomy, and this year proclaimed the year of the legendary musician.

Cultural art virtuoso

Organ music was leading in the works of Bach. He wrote for the body 6 of the Sonat Trio, the famous "Organ Book", as well as many less well-known compositions.

Keyboard creativity is an area that was interesting for Bach as well as other musical directions. It was for the game on the key to be created by English suite, as well as well-known melodies with a variety of variations.

Chamber music for ensembles included musical works for cello, lute, flutes, and, of course, organ. Bach's vocal insinuations were expressed in passions, cantata and mass.

The phenomenon of the German composer is well revealed in the discipline "BAVOGICA". Since his works are so extensive that they are studied separately by musicians from around the world.

The legendary composer worked not only for the secular and religious public, he wrote his sonatas and parties to productive young musicians. It was for them that the most complex and most exciting musical creations of the Bach were written. After all, among other things, Johann Bach was an excellent teacher.

Johann Sebastian Bach is a German composer and the musician of the Baroque era, which collected the tradition and the most significant achievements of European musical art in his work, as well as enriched all this by the virtuoso use of counterpoint and a subtle sense of perfect harmony. Bach is the greatest classic, who left a huge heritage, which became the Gold Fund of World Culture. This is a musician-universal, in his work that covered almost all the well-known genres. By creating immortal masterpieces, he turned his compositions everybody into small works, combining them then in the form of an exclusive creation of exceptional beauty and expressiveness, which brightly reflected a diverse spiritual world of man.

Biography

Little Johann Sebastian Bach with family

Johann Sebastian was born on March 31, 1685 in the German town of Eisenakh. In a large family of Bakhov, he was younger, an eighth child (four of them died in infant age). Their genus since the beginning of the XVI century was famous for his musicality, many of his relatives and ancestors were professionals in music (researchers counted about fifty). Prapraded composer Feit Bach had a baker profession and played a citra perfectly (this is such a plug-in musical instrument in the form of a drawer).

The father of the boy, Johann Ambrosius Bach, played in the Church of Eisenha on the violin and worked as a court accompanist (in this position he was engaged in organizing secular concerts). The elder brother, Johann Christoph Bach, served in the church in the Organist. From their kind, so many trumpeters, organists, violinists and flutists, that the last name "Bach" became a numerous, so called any more or less than the standing musician first in Eisenach, and then in all of Germany.

With such a nurse, it is natural that the little Johann Sebastian began to study the music earlier than learned to speak. He received the first lessons of the game on the violin from his father and very pleased his parent with his greed to musical knowledge, crooking and abilities. The boy possessed an excellent voice (soprano) and, being very small, solired in the chore of the city school. Nobody doubted his future profession, from Sebastian had to be able to get a musician.

When he was nine years old, Mama Elizabeth Lemmerhirt died. A year later, the father died, but the child did not stay alone, he took him to his senior brother Johann Christoph. He was a power and respected in the city of Ordruff by a musician and a teacher. Together with his students, Johann Christophe taught the younger brother to play church music on Clavesis.

However, young Sebastian these classes seemed monotonous, boring and painful. He began to engage in self-education, especially when it was aware that the older brother in the closed closet had a notebook with works of famous composers. At night, the young Bach penetrated the closet, I got a notebook and with the light of the moon rewritten notes.

From such a tedious night work at the young man began to grow vision. How was a shame when the elder brother discovered Sebastian for this activity and selected all records.

Music

In 1703, graduating from the gymnasium in Lüneburg, Johann Bach got a steady musician in the Veimar Duke of Johann Ernsta. Bach played a violin for half a year and acquired the first popularity as a performer. But soon Johann Sebastian was tired of imprisoning the ear of the Lord playing the violin - he dreamed of developing and opening new horizons in art. Therefore, without thought, I agreed to take the liberated position of the court organist in the Church of St. Boniface in Arnstadt, which is 200 kilometers from Weimar.

Johann Bach worked for three days a week and received high salary. The church body, configured by the new system, expanded the possibilities of a young artist and composer: in Arnstadt Bach wrote three dozen organ works, Capricchio, Cantat and Site. But the tense relationship with the authorities pushed Johann Bach to leave the city in three years.

The last straw, the inconsistent bowl of the patience of the church authorities, was the long-lasting riddling of the musician from Arnstadt. Kosya Clari, and without the dislike of the musician for an innovative approach to the execution of cult spiritual works, organized Bahu a humiliating proceedings for a trip to Lübeck.

In the city there lived and worked the famous organist Dietrich Buxthehude, whose improvisation on the Bach organ dreamed of listening from childhood. Without having money for the carriage, Johann in the fall of 1705 went to Lubeck on foot. The Matra game shocked the musician: instead of the released month, he stayed in four.

After returning to Arnstadt and the proceedings with the boss, Johann Bach left the "coupled place" and went to the Thuringian city of Mülhausen, where he found the work of the organist in the Church of St. Muscia.

The authorities of the city and the church bosses favor a talented musician, his earnings were higher than in Arnstadt. Johann Bach suggested an economical plan for the restoration of the old organ, approved by the authorities, and wrote a festive Cantatant "Lord - My Tsar", dedicated to the inauguration of the new Consul.

But after a year, the wind wanders "removed" Johanna Sebastian from the scene and moved to the previously abandoned Weimar. In 1708, Bach took the place of the court organist and settled in the house next to the Ducal Palace.

Weimarial period of the biography of Johann Bach was fruitful: the composer composed dozens of key and orchestral works, met the work of Vivaldi and Korelli, learned to use dynamic rhythms and harmonic schemes. Communication with the employer - the heated duke of Johann Ernst, the composer and a musician, influenced the creativity of Baha. In 1713, the Duke brought notes of music of local composers from Italy, who opened up for Johann Baha new horizons in art.

In Weimara, Johann Bach began work on the "organ of the book" - a collection of choral preludes for the body, composed the majestic organ "Toccatu and Fugu Re Minor", "Passabalus of Above Minor" and 20 spiritual cantat.

By the end of the service in Weimara, Johann Sebastian Bach became a widely well-known master of Clausing and an organist. In 1717, the famous French Claviers Louis Marshant arrived in Dresden. Concertremister Volumier, heard about the talent of Baha, invited the musician to compete with Marshant. But on the day of the competition, Louis died from the city, frightened by the failure.

The desire for change called Bach on the road in the fall of the 1717th. The duke released the favorite musician "with the expression of disjitives." The organist hired the prince of Angalt-Ketensky, well-splitted in music. But the commitment of Prince Calvinism did not allow Bahu to compose sophisticated music for worship, so Johann Sebastian wrote mainly secular works.

In the "Ketensky" period, Johann Bach composed six suite for cello, French and English keylows, three Sonats for violin solo. The famous "Brandenburg Concerts" and the Cycle of Works, which includes 48 preludes and fugues, called "well-tempered key" appeared in Kothely. At the same time, Bach wrote two-voice and three-voice inventions, which called "symphony".

In 1723, Johann Bach was set as by the Kantor of the Choir of St. Thoma in the Church of Leipzig. In the same year, the public heard the work of the composer "Passion in John". Soonab, Bach took the position of "Music Director" of all urban churches. For 6 years of the "Leipzig period", Johann Bach wrote 5 annual Cantat cycles, two of whom were lost.

The city council gave composer 8 choral performers at the disposal of the composer, but this amount was extremely few, therefore, up to 20 musicians, Bach hired himself, which was the cause of frequent skirmishes with the authorities.

In 1720, Johann Bach composed mainly cantata for execution in the churches of Leipzig. Wanting to expand the repertoire, the composer wrote secular works. In the spring of 1729, the musician was appointed by the head of the music board - a secular ensemble, founded by a friend of Bach by Georg Philipp teleman. The ensemble was twice a week for a week arranged two-hour concerts in Cimmerman's coffee shop near the market square.

Most secular works composed by the composer from 1730 to 1750, Johann Bach wrote for execution in the coffee shop.

Their number includes jogging "coffee cantata", the comic "peasant Cantata", keypone and concerts for Cello and Clausing. During these years, the famous "Mesa Si Minor" is written, which is called the best choral product of all time.

For spiritual performance, Bach created a "high Mass Cy Minor" and "Passion in Matthew", receiving from the courtyard as a reward for the work of the title of the Royal-Polish and Saxon court composer.

In 1747, Johann Bach visited the courtyard of the King of Prussia Friedrich II. Welject suggested a composer a musical theme and asked to write improvisation. Bach is a master of improvisation - immediately composed a three-eye fugus. Soon he supplemented it with a cycle of variations on this topic, called the "musical offer" and sent a Friedrich II as a gift.

Another big cycle, named "Art of Fugue," Johann Bach did not add. Sons published a cycle after the death of the Father.

In the last decade, the glory of the composer faded: the classicism bloomed, the contemporaries considered the style of Bach old-fashioned. But young composers brought up on the works of Johann Baha, they worshiped him. Creativity of the Great Organist loved Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig Van Beethoven.

A splash of interest in the music of Johann Bach and the revival of the composer's glory began in 1829. In March, Pianist and Composer Felix Mendelssohn organized a concert in Berlin, where the work of "Matthew's passion" sounded. Suddenly loud resonance followed, the view gathered thousands of spectators. Mendelssohn went with concerts in Dresden, Königsberg and Frankfurt.

The work of Johann Bach "Musical joke" and today one of the favorites for thousands of world performers. Line, melodic, gentle music sounds in different variations adapted to the game on modern tools.

Western and Russian musicians popularize the music of Bach. The Swingle Singers vocal ensemble released the debut album Jazz Sebastian Bach, which brought the team of eight vocalists world glory and Grammy Prize.

We handled the music of Johann Bach and jazz musicians Jacques Lusie and Joel Spiegelman. The Russian artist Fedor Chistyakov tried to pay tribute to Geni.

Personal life

By strange patterns, talented in something else, people often lose their fate of other possibilities and advantages. Therefore, it is often a personal life of celebrities not in the best way, but Matru Bahu was lucky - he had no problem with it.

Wives and children

Wife Maria Barbara

Working by an organist in the town of Mülhausen in the north of Germany, Johann began to visit his uncle Michael Baha. There he came down on a short foot with his Kuzina Maria Barbara, in which he immediately fell in love. The wedding took place in the village of Dornheim seventeenth of October of the seventh year. Not much known about this marriage, but the spouses were satisfied with each other and they had seven children, survived from which only four.

• Catarina Dorothea.
• Wilhelm Friedeman.
• Karl Philip Emmanuel.
• Gottfried Bernard.

In 1720, just at the moment when her husband was not at home, Maria suddenly died, what he learned only after a couple of weeks when he returned. Historians believe that a healthy and strong woman could destroy the infection or complications at regular pregnancy.

Without paying for a long time to indulge in suffering, already in the twenty-first year, Johann Sebastian met the young and dazzlingly beautiful Anna Magdalen, a trumpet boy and singer with an angel soprano. In early December of the same year, a wedding was played. Thirteen kids appeared in marriage, although it was possible to survive only six.

• Gottfried Heinrich.
• Elizabeth Julian Frederick.
• Christoph Frederich.
• Christian.
• Caroline.
• Regina Suzanne.

The marriage was considered quite happy, the wife helped her husband in everything, and when he unexpectedly began to blind, recorded notes and scores under his dictation. After the death of the father, the children were overradiating the inheritance and drove in different directions.

Death of Baha (1750)

In 1749, the composer has worsened health. Bach Johann Sebastian, whose biography breaks in 1750, began to unexpectedly lose sight and appealed for help to the English ophthalmologist John Taylor, who spent 2 operations in March-April 1750. However, both were unsuccessful. Vision to the composer never returned. July 28, at the age of 65, Johann Sebastian died. Modern newspapers wrote that "death came as a result of an unsuccessful operation in the eyes." Currently, historians consider the death of the composer's stroke, complicated by pneumonia.

Karl Philip Emmanuel, son of Johanna Sebastian, and his student Johann Friedrich Agrikola wrote a necrologist. He was published in 1754 by Lorenz Christoph Mitzler in a music magazine. Johann Sebastian Bach, a brief biography of which was presented above, was originally buried in Leipzig, near the Church of St. John. The grave remained untouched for 150 years. Later, in 1894, the remains were transferred to a special storage in the Church of St. John, and in 1950 - to the Church of St. Thomas, where the composer rests so far.

Several interesting moments from the life and creativity of the composer, musician and virtuoso:

1. After studying the history of the family, 56 musicians discovered among the relatives of the virtuoso.
2. The surname of the musician with German translates "Creek".
3. Hearing once a work, the composer could repeat it without a mistake, which did repeatedly.
4. For life, the musician moved eight times.
5. Thanks to Bahu, in church choirs allowed to sing to women. His second wife became the first chore.
6. I wrote more than 1000 works in a lifetime, so rightly considered the most "prolific" author.
7. In recent years of life, the composer is almost blind, and the operations made on the eyes did not help.
8. The grave of the composer remained without a tombstone.
9. Until now, not all the facts of biography are known, some of them are not confirmed by documents. Therefore, the study of his life continues.

IOGA NN Sebastian N Bach (Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685-1750) is a German composer, an organist. During his lifetime, was famous for both an organist and clause; His composer creativity was perceived by contemporaries in connection with the practical activity that occurred in a typical musician of 17-18 centuries. The atmosphere of the church, yard and cities. Children spent in Eisenach, in 1695 -1702 he studied in Ordruf and Lineburg. At the age of 17, he played on the organ, key, violin, alte, sang in the choir, was the assistant Cantor. In 1703-07 Organist Neukirch in Arnstadt, in 1707-08 Organist Blaziuskirkh in Mülhausen, in 1708-17 Court Organist, Camera Musician, with 1714 Pringite Makerster in Weimar, in 1717-23 Ceper Kapellaster in Koaten, in 1723-50 Kantor Tomascirhe and City Music-Director in Leipzig (1729-41 Chapter Collegium Musicum). Bach is one of the greatest representatives of world humanistic culture. Creativity Bach, a wagon musician, distinguished by the inclusion of genres (except opera), summarized the achievements of the musical art of several centuries on the verge of baroque and classicism. Brightly National Artist, Bach joined the traditions of Protestant Choral with the traditions of Austrian, Italian, French music schools. For Bach, an unsurpassed polyphony master, characterized by the unity of polyphonic and homophone, vocal and instrumental thinking, which explains the deep interpenetration of various genres and styles in his work. The leading genre in the vocal-processing work of Baha is a spiritual cantata. Bach created 5 annual Cantat cycles, which differ in accessories to the church calendar, according to textual sources (Psalms, choral stains, "free" poetry), according to Horal, etc. From the secular cantat, the most famous "peasant" and "Coffee" . Dramaturgia developed in Cantate, the principles found the implementation in Mesis, "Passions". "High" Mass H-Moll, "Passion on John", "Matthew Passion" became the culmination of the centuries-old history of these genres. The central place in the instrumental work of Bach is the organ music. Synthesizing those who inherited from their predecessors (D. Buchtehude, I. Pakhelbel, G. Böm, I. A. Reynkenin) Experience of organ improvisation, a variety of variational and polyphonic techniques of writings and modern concerting principles, Bach rethought and updated the traditional genres of organ music - Toccatu , fantasy, password, choral prelude. The virtuoso performer, one of the largest keyboard tools in its time, Bach created extensive literature for the key. Among the key essays, the most important place occupies the "well-tempered key" - the first in the history of music experience of the artistic application developed at the turn of 17-18 centuries. Tempered building. The greatest polyphonist, in the fugues of the CTC Bach, created unsurpassed samples, a kind of school of counterpunctic skills, which found a continuation and completion in the "Art of Fugue", over which Bach worked over the past 10 years of life. Bach is the author of one of the first keyway concerts - the Italian concert (without an orchestra) that fully approved the independent value of the key as a concert tool. Bach Music for Violin, Cello, Flute, Goboy, Tool Ensemble, Orchestra - Sonatas, Suits, Pupits, Concerts - marks a significant expansion of expressive and technical capabilities of tools, detects deep knowledge of instruments and universalism in their interpretation. 6 Brandenburg concerts for various instrumental compounds that prenimate genre and composite principles of Concerto Grosso were an important stage on the way to classic symphony. During the life of Baha, a small part of his works was published. The authentic scale of the genius of Bach, which had the strongest influence on the subsequent development of European musical culture, began to be aware of only half a century after his death. Among the first connoisseurs - the Rodonachal Bakhovechy I. N. Forecel (published in 1802 essays of the life and creativity of Baha), K. F. Cell, whose activities to preserve and promote the heritage Baha led to the execution of "Passions of Matthew" under the control of F. Mendelssoh 1829. This execution that had historical importance was the impetus to the revival of Bach's creativity in 19-20 centuries. In 1850, Bakhovskoe society was formed in Leipzig.

Works: For soloists, chora and orchestra - Passion in John (1724), Matthew Passion (1727 or 1729; final edition 1736), Magnitiates (1723), high mass (H-Moll, about 1747-49; 1st day 1733), 4 short variances (1730- E GG.), Osoria (Christmas, Easter, circa 1735), Cantata (about 200 spiritual, over 20 secular) are preserved; for orchestra - 6 Brandenburg concerts (1711-20), 5 Overture (Suite, 1721-30); concerts for tools from orchestra - for 1, 2, 3, 4 keys, 2 for violin, for 2 violins; chalo-instrumental ensembles - 6 Sonatas for violin and keys, 3 Sonata for flute and keys, 3 Sonata for Cello and Loca, Trio Sonatas; for organ - 6 organ concerts (1708-17), preludes and fugues, fantasies and fugues, toccats and fugues, pasacle C-Moll, choral preludes; for keirs - 6 English Suite, 6 French Suite, 6 Watch, well Tempered Clavier (Volume 1 - 1722, Volume 2 - 1744), Italian Concert (1734), Goldberg Variations (1742); for violin - 3 Sonata, 3 Watch; 6 Suit for Cello; spiritual songs, arias; works without note performing composition - Music offer (1747), art of the Fugue (1740-50), etc.

About the "composer of all times and peoples" of mystic and theologian Johanne Sebastian Barah told the leader of the noble collection of Oleg Shcherbachev within the framework of the Event Club

If you think that, having lived a good half of the XVIII century, the century Barochko, Johann Sebastian Bach was his contemporary, then you are only partly right. In the traditions of medieval worldview, he wrote his music, starting and ending with a prayer, and for his contemporaries sounded old-fashioned. However, the unknown tool for which some of his works were written was invented only after his death, and the individual moves of his compositions were familiar only in the XX century.

Johann Sebastian Bach.

In the music of Baha, we often hear a step, a guide. The pace is principled here. Meril speed, as I recently understood, it turns out the heart rhythm. If you play, how to breathe, everything turns out correctly.

As the composer Bach almost did not change throughout his life, which is a rarity for any creator. His musical language was formed when he was about 20, and he died when he was 65. I assume that in 1706 or 1707, Bach experienced some strong mystical shock. We do not know what, but it turned his life, he knew - as Dostoevsky would say - God alive and further on this experience had passed his whole creative way.

From the point of view of the biographical Bakh lived two lives. According to everyday standards, he was the usual German Burger: he moved from one service to another, very silently choosing, where it is more profitable for it, where more salary. In a letter to a friend, he somehow complained that because of the good weather, his funeral "accents" decreased noticeably. This is also Bach.

We are accustomed to the image of the Creator-Romance, who has life and creativity are inextricably linked: he creates, refrain his life in creativity. But Bach is an anti-gram. He is a medieval creator. The outer side of his life is almost in no way connected with the work. But creativity for him is not even 99 percent, and more. Life is everyday is just a shell, shell, it is absolutely not interesting compared to creativity, because he creates about God and for God. Do we know much about the life of Andrei Rublev? And how important to know his biography to understand his icons? Compared to his "Trinity", it is absolutely not interesting. Music Baha is a musical icon. The life of the icon painter is not part of the icon.

For Bach, the process of writing notes was very important. At the end of the score, he always wrote " SOL.i. Deo.g.loria."(" One God of Glory "- red.), And at the beginning - "Lord, help." Therefore, you can play the Bach, just praying: you play - as if you are doing Jesus prayer. It opened only in a few. For example, Albert Switucer, a famous Protestant Theologian and Humanist. In his versions you hear that the music of Baha is always a prayer, but the most amazing thing is that it is not only a prayer, and this is also a dialogue. Bach does not just pray, he hears the answers. It is unique for the composer! Music Baha is a conversation of a man and God.

Bach and sons

One of the main works of Bach - "High Mesa", or Mass C Minor, which he wrote almost all his life: began in 1720, and ended before death. According to a common idea, the last boach work is the "art of the Fugue", but it is not quite so. It was established that it was practically completed in 1747 (however, the last fugus remained unfinished).

Interestingly, Bach wrote this Mass, perfectly realizing that it would never be fulfilled. Those parts of the Mass, which were performed in the then Lutheran Church ("Kyrie" and "Gloria"), here are so huge that they are impossible to present them in the liturgical practice. Mass is completely in the Protestant church simply not performed. And there remains a mystery: why a convinced protestant-Lutheran write an absolutely Catholic Mass, and "the best Mass of all times and peoples"? I found this answer for myself. It lies in the fact that Bach goes far beyond Protestantism and belongs to the whole completeness of the Christian tradition.

For me, for me, "Kyrie" from this Mass is a general terrorist, universal cry to God. Humanity in the face of Johanne Sebastian Baha managed to write such a mass, and, I think it is a significant argument in favor of the fact that God is not mistaken, making the human world. This is an absolute archetype of plenty of man to God and musical archetype of Liturgy.

Bach autograph title with Missa heading

The beginning of the XVIII century is Baroque, and Baroque is first of all a melody. But Bach is not a melody, he is a polyphonist. Schweitzer even believed that he had problems with melody. The fact that it was so easily given to the Italians was difficult for him. But is it the main thing? In Italians, the melody can be wonderful, but empty. Well, what about the fact that "adagio" albinoni, for example, or the Mercello gum concerts like everyone? (However, adagio known to everyone - later processing). Bahi liked a lot too: he took boldly, without thinking, someone else's thing, he was inspired by her, and then he got completely German, very intellectual music.

From here, by the way, many pseudobakhov scores. It happened that he liked some works, and he rewrite them. After all, he was a music director, which means it was necessary to execute not only his own, while his own works were often written not by His hand: he did not have time to record, for example, found to the next Sunday officer Kantatu and chopped the whole family: Wife wrote, Children wrote ...

Bahovskoye Baroque is a high baroque, this sculpture, relief of music. The tune for the Bach is always a symbol. All its movements - up-down - very meaningful. In this music, you always imagine a kind of picture: long falling and ascending lines, movement, walker - all this is so terrain that sometimes it seems that you actually see it. And if you still look into the score, then these takeles of notes are simply completely obvious. Music Baha is a real sound sounding, and sometimes the crossword, since there are some lines, nuances for the common polyphony of votes, the strokes cannot be shown in any performer - they will remain led by Conductor, who sees the score, and God.

Bach Autograph of the first sheet "Credo"

In fact, the Bach did not have followers, on it some tradition ended. His sons, who composed already in the manner of early classicism, were eclipsed by the popularity of their father. If at the time of Hydena and Mozart ask about Bach, first of all would think about Carla Filippe Emmanuil or Johanne Christian, but hardly about Johanne Sebastian. Only then the great Bach was re-opened by Mendelssohn and the range of romantics. And although, of course, thanks for it, but it is their peculiar understanding of his music and laid the foundation not quite adequate fulfillment. They heard her very in their own way, very romantic.

Great Mozart is perhaps the only one of the composers of the second half of the XVIII century could truly understand the Bach. The fact that Mozart knew and appreciated the music of Baha is undoubtedly. In his later works, he even used it: in particular, he made the transfer of several Bahhovsky preludes and fugues.

Yes, Bach and Mozart often oppose. This is a very thin matter. These two people were, of course, there are no more musical features like them in the foreseeable time. But Mozart, as I see, did not miss his musical revelations through Razio. He, as a medium, listened to music from heaven and recorded. He, maybe, sometimes he himself scared her, did not understand and even chopped her, as it is remarkably shown by the form of formomy in the film "Amadeus." The main thing - rather, rather write ... The Baha is quite different.

Bach is a prayer conscious, penetrating through all its nature. His music of Bogodukhovna, sometimes even ecstatic, but it is also skipped through intellect. It has an element of the Gnosis. Every note Bach lives and moves from each note to the next note - it feels. Even in the secular works you hear all polyphonicity, the multi-layeredness of his musical fabric. When the execution is correct, you feel such a voltage and the density of the structure that it is simply impossible to add any notes to it! Neither one of his contemporaries is not. But at the same time, all this merges into perfect harmony and is perceived even in a baroque elegant. How it turns out - incomprehensible. This is a miracle.

Bach was generally an esthete. He sensiblely felt the specifics of each tool. But some things wrote at all without the designation tool, so to speak, for a certain abstract tool. Maybe you just look at such scores and perform them within ourselves? "Art of Fugue", for example. This is already a kind of mathematics, the "philosophy of name" Alexei Losev. This piece of Bach did not graduate, but maybe the music just went into some kind of "fourth dimension", in some transcendant worlds of musical abstractions and Eidosov?

Monument to Bahu in Leipzig

Bach often sounds in cinema. You can remember, say, Tarkovsky or Treier background. Why? Maybe because Bach is a conductor into the world of faith. According to my own biography, it is very clear why this is so. Bach was my first love, it was Bach was one of those who led me to the church and to God. As you understand, we are talking about the 70s, and, in addition to the vague memories of the religiosity of my cousin, who went to church, prayed for the night, I did not see the inspiring samples next to him. But the music of Bach itself is such that if it is imbued, it is impossible to remain an atheist. In a typical Soviet era, in the era of official atheism, a person, quite naturally, to god. And the Bach was impossible to ban. Still, this is a musical Everest, and it is impossible to bypass it. But this Everest spoke of God all the time. And no matter how the Soviet musicologists have tried to get around this trouble, nothing could be done with that.

I graduated from MEPhI, the Department of Theoretical Physics. This is my only higher education. Why do I need Bach - "Physics of the XXI century"? Then, that Bach is needed to everyone and always - both the physics of the XXI century, just like the lyrics of the XXXV century. Music Bach is needed to everyone as everyone needs to read the sacred writing, as everyone needs a belief in Christ. Similarly, the music of the Bach.

Tragedy of the blind musician Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach. March 21, 1685 - July 28, 1750
German composer and musician.

For his life, Bach wrote more than 1000 works. In his work, all significant genres of that time be presented, except for the opera. ... However, the composer was fruit not only for musical works. During the years of family life, he had twenty children.
Unfortunately, out of this number of offspring of the great dynasty survivors remained smoothly half ...

Dynasty

Johann Sebastian Bach was the sixth child in the family of the violinist Johann Amvrosia Baha, and his future was predetermined. All Bahi, who lived in Mountain Thuringia from the beginning of the XVI century, were flutists, trumpets, organists, violinists. Their musical talent was transmitted from generation to generation. When Johann Sebastian turned five years old, his father gave him the violin. The boy quickly learned on it to play, and the music filled all his further life.
But happy childhood ended early when the future composer turned 9 years old. At first his mother died, and in a year - father. The boy took his elder brother who served as an organist in a nearby town. Johann Sebastian entered the gymnasium - the brother also taught him a game on the organ and key. But a little boy was a little execution - he stretched to work. Once he managed to extract the coveted notebook from the always locked cabinet, where the collections of composers famous for composers were recorded at the brother. At night, secretly he rewritten it. When the semi-annual work was already nearing at an end, the brother found him behind this occupation and took everything that was already done .... It is these sleepless watches at the lunar light in the future will be adversely affected by I. S. Baha.

By the will of Roca

In 15 years, Bach moved to Luneberg, where he continued to study at school at the school of church singers. In 1707, Bach entered the service in Mülhausen in the position of the organist in the church of St. Via. Here he began writing his first cantata. In 1708, Johann Sebastian married his cousin, also Round Syrote, Maria Barbara. She gave him seven children from which four survived. Many researchers associate this circumstance with their relatives. However, after the sustainable death of his first wife in 1720 and the new marriage to the daughter of the court musician, Anna Magdaline Wilken, a heavy rock continued to pursue the Musician family. 13 children were born in this marriage, but only six survived.

Picture of E. Rosental. I. S. Bach with family.

Perhaps this was a kind of payment for success in professional activities. Back in 1708, when Bach with the first wife moved to Weimar, luck smiled at him, and he becomes a court organist and composer. This time is considered to be the beginning of the creative path of Baha as a music writer and the time of his intensive creativity. In Weimara, the Bach had sons, future famous composers Wilhelm Friedem and Karl Philipp Emmanuel
.

Baltazar Denner. I. S. Bach with sons.

Wandering grave

In 1723, the first execution of his "Passions of John" in the Church of St. Foma in Leipzig, and soon Bach received the position of the Cantor of this church with the simultaneous execution of the duties of the school teacher at the church. In Leipzig, Bach becomes a "music director" of all churches of the city, watching the personnel of musicians and singers, watching their learning.

Monument I. S. Bahu at the Church of St. Thomas in Leipzig .

In the last years of the life of Bach, it was seriously ill - an eye surveillance has affected, received in his youth. Shortly before the death, he decided on the operation to remove the cataract, but after it is completely blind. However, this did not stop the composer - he continued to compose, pressing the works of his son-in-law algel. After the second operation on July 18, 1750, he simply simulated, but in the evening he had happened to him. Ten days later, Bahh died. The composer was buried near the church of St. Thomas, in which he served 27 years.

However, later on the territory of the cemetery, the road was laid, and the grave of the genius was lost. But in 1984, a miracle was accomplished, the remains of the Bach were accidentally found during construction work, then their solemn burial took place.