). However, for the purposes of this article we will only consider object art.

Historically, all genres were divided into high and low. TO high genre or historical painting included works of a monumental nature, carrying some kind of morality, a significant idea, demonstrating historical, military events associated with religion, mythology or artistic fiction.

TO low genre included everything connected with everyday life. These are still lifes, portraits, household paintings, landscapes, animalism, images of naked people, etc.

Animalism (lat. animal - animal)

Animalistic genre originated in ancient times, when the first people painted predatory animals on the rocks. Gradually, this direction grew into an independent genre, implying an expressive depiction of any animals. Animalists usually have a great interest in the animal world, for example, they can be excellent equestrians, keep pets, or simply study their habits for a long time. As a result of the artist's intentions, animals can appear realistic or in the form of artistic images.

Among Russian artists, many were well versed in horses, for example, and. Yes, on famous painting Vasnetsov's “Bogatyrs”, heroic horses are depicted with the greatest skill: the colors, behavior of the animals, bridles and their connection with the riders are carefully thought out. Serov did not like people and considered horses in many ways better than man, which is why he often portrayed her in a variety of scenes. although he painted animals, he did not consider himself an animal painter, so the bears in his famous painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” were created by the animal painter K. Savitsky.

In tsarist times, portraits with pets, which were dear to man, became especially popular. For example, in the painting, Empress Catherine II appeared with her beloved dog. Animals were also present in the portraits of other Russian artists.

Examples of paintings by famous Russian artists in the everyday genre

History painting

This genre involves monumental paintings that are designed to convey to society a grandiose plan, some truth, morality, or demonstrate significant events. It includes works on historical, mythological, religious themes, folklore, as well as military scenes.

In ancient states, myths and legends were long considered events of the past, so they were often depicted on frescoes or vases. Later, artists began to separate the events that took place from fiction, which was expressed primarily in the depiction of battle scenes. In Ancient Rome, Egypt and Greece, scenes of heroic battles were often depicted on the shields of victorious warriors in order to demonstrate their triumph over the enemy.

In the Middle Ages, due to the dominance of church dogmas, religious themes prevailed; in the Renaissance, society turned to the past mainly for the purpose of glorifying its states and rulers, and since the 18th century, this genre has often been turned to for the purpose of educating youth. In Russia, the genre became widespread in the 19th century, when artists often tried to analyze the life of Russian society.

In the works of Russian artists, battle painting was presented, for example, and. He touched on mythological and religious subjects in his paintings. History painting dominated by , folklore - by .

Examples of paintings by famous Russian artists in the genre of historical painting

Still life (French nature - nature and morte - dead)

This genre of painting is associated with the image inanimate objects. They can be flowers, fruits, dishes, game, kitchen utensils and other objects, from which the artist often creates a composition according to his plan.

The first still lifes appeared in ancient countries. In Ancient Egypt, it was customary to depict offerings to the gods in the form of various foods. At the same time, the recognition of the object came first, so ancient artists did not particularly care about chiaroscuro or the texture of still life objects. IN Ancient Greece and in Rome, flowers and fruits were found in paintings and in houses for interior decoration, so that they were depicted more authentically and picturesquely. The formation and flourishing of this genre occurred in the 16th and 17th centuries, when still lifes began to contain hidden religious and other meanings. At the same time, many varieties appeared depending on the subject of the image (floral, fruit, scientist, etc.).

In Russia, still life painting flourished only in the 20th century, since before that it was used mainly for educational purposes. But this development was rapid and captured, including abstract art with all its directions. For example, he created beautiful compositions of flowers in, preferred, worked in, and often “revitalized” his still lifes, giving the viewer the impression that the dishes were about to fall off the table or that all the objects were about to start rotating.

The objects depicted by artists were, of course, influenced by their theoretical views or worldview and state of mind. Thus, these were objects depicted according to the principle of spherical perspective discovered by him, and expressionist still lifes amazed with their drama.

Many Russian artists used still life mainly for educational purposes. So, not only honed artistic skill, but also conducted many experiments, arranging objects in different ways, working with light and color. experimented with the shape and color of the line, sometimes moving away from realism into pure primitivism, sometimes mixing both styles.

Other artists combined in still lifes what they had previously depicted with their favorite things. For example, in the paintings you can find his favorite vase, sheet music and a portrait of his wife that he had previously created, and he depicted his favorite flowers from childhood.

Many other Russian artists worked in the same genre, for example, and others.

Examples of paintings by famous Russian artists in the still life genre

Nude (French nudite - nudity, abbreviated as nu)

This genre is intended to depict the beauty of the naked body and appeared before our era. IN ancient world great attention was paid to physical development, since the survival of the entire human race depended on it. Thus, in Ancient Greece, athletes traditionally competed naked so that boys and young men could see their well-developed bodies and strive for the same physical perfection. Around the 7th-6th centuries. BC e. Nude male statues also appeared, personifying the physical power of a man. Female figures, on the contrary, were always presented to the audience in robes, since it was not customary to expose the female body.

In subsequent eras, attitudes towards nudity changed. Thus, during Hellenism (from the end of the 6th century BC), endurance faded into the background, giving way to admiration of the male figure. At the same time, the first female nude figures began to appear. In the Baroque era, women with curvy figures were considered ideal; in Rococo times, sensuality became paramount, and in XIX-XX centuries paintings or sculptures of nude bodies (especially male ones) were often banned.

Russian artists have repeatedly turned to the nude genre in their works. So, these are dancers with theatrical attributes, these are posing girls or women in the center of monumental scenes. This has a lot of sensual women, including in couples, this has a whole series of paintings depicting naked women in various activities, and this has girls full of innocence. Some, for example, depicted completely naked men, although such paintings were not welcomed by the society of their time.

Examples of paintings by famous Russian artists in the nude genre

Landscape (French: Paysage, from pays - terrain)

In this genre, the priority is the depiction of natural or man-made environment: natural areas, views of cities, villages, monuments, etc. Depending on the chosen object, natural, industrial, marine, rural, lyrical and other landscapes are distinguished.

The first landscapes by ancient artists were discovered in rock art Neolithic era and were images of trees, rivers or lakes. Later, the natural motif was used to decorate the home. In the Middle Ages, the landscape was almost completely replaced by religious themes, and in the Renaissance, on the contrary, the harmonious relationship between man and nature came to the fore.

In Russia landscape painting developed from the 18th century and was initially limited (landscapes, for example, were created in this style), but later a whole galaxy of talented Russian artists enriched this genre with techniques from different styles and directions. created the so-called low-key landscape, that is, instead of chasing spectacular views, he depicted the most intimate moments in Russian nature. and came to a lyrical landscape that amazed the audience with its subtly conveyed mood.

And this is an epic landscape, when the viewer is shown all the grandeur of the surrounding world. endlessly turned to antiquity, E. Volkov knew how to turn any discreet landscape into a poetic picture, amazed the viewer with his marvelous light in the landscapes, and could endlessly admire forest corners, parks, sunsets and convey this love to the viewer.

Each of the landscape painters concentrated his attention on the landscape that fascinated him especially strongly. Many artists could not ignore large-scale construction projects and painted many industrial and urban landscapes. Among them are works by other artists. fascinated by the monuments, and

Today we will talk about Drawing Mustachioed Tabby... And we will not only talk about cats..

Let's dive a little into animal art, which receives so little attention... And first, let's learn a little more about this direction of Painting...

Animalistic genre or animalistics - view fine arts the main motive of which is the image of animals. In addition to painting and graphics, animalism is often used in sculpture, photography, decorative and applied arts, literature and other forms of art.

Animal image- the most ancient genre of art, interest in which did not fade until the Renaissance and the centralization of attention on man with his classical ideals. It is noteworthy that even in the era of classicism, animals were depicted on vases, mosaics and frescoes with enviable regularity.

In culture ancient egypt, Mesopotamia, India and other regions, it was popular to depict deities in the form of animals or to deify the representatives of the fauna themselves. Thus, images of animals ended up on religious objects, tomb walls and jewelry.

Animalistic genre- this is the artist’s admiration for the world around him and the abundance of life forms. The wealth of animal species that live on our planet cannot help but inspire. And Artists actively use this:

One of the first representatives of the animalistic genre in art were the Chinese artist Yi Yuanji (early 11th century), who became famous for his depictions of monkeys, and the Chinese Emperor Xuande of the Ming dynasty (mid-15th century), who painted monkeys and dogs as a hobby.

In Renaissance Europe, the animalistic genre was developed by one of the greatest representatives of the Northern Renaissance, Albrecht Durer. While his contemporaries wrote religious subjects, Dürer actively studied flora and fauna; his watercolors, drawings and lithographs speak for themselves...

Paintings famous artists of that time, they rarely deviated from the accepted norms of painting, but even on the canvases of Leonardo and Raphael, although rarely, animals and birds still appear.

One of the outstanding and famous animal painters is the Flemish Baroque painter Frans Snyders. He is especially famous for his still lifes of hunting trophies.

Images of animals are also characteristic of works of art created in another genre.

For example, famous painting Shishkin "Morning in a pine forest."

Shishkin is the greatest landscape painter in the history of Russian art, and “Morning in a Pine Forest” is without a doubt a landscape, but with elements of the animalistic genre. It is worth noting that Shishkin did not paint his famous bears; they were made by animal artist Konstantin Savitsky.

This practice was extremely popular among animal painters.

For example, Frans Snyders often painted animals in Rubens’ paintings.

It is noteworthy that not all artists, even the most famous, could cope with the depiction of animals and birds.

But nothing will stop us from learning how to draw Animals and we will start with the most beautiful and difficult, from the point of view of learning animal art, animals..

Let's thoroughly study one of the most important points in drawing Painting - uh then drawing animal fur —how to learn to paint wool realistically?

How to Convey an Animal's Character?

How to Capture the Grace and Elegance of a Predator's Movement?

In general - Let's draw a Tiger

As a material, let's take Pastel and a sheet of paper...

And let’s draw ourselves - a beautiful, dangerous Predator...

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Slide captions:

The artist's attitude to the natural world. Animalistic genre Author: Kotin V.V. Fine Arts teacher MOBU Secondary School No. 54, N-Novgorod

History of origin Primitive people they painted animals and hunting scenes. By depicting animals, a person conveyed either the wildness or the victory of man over him.

An animal is the source of life for a person. It is inextricably linked with the animal world and depends on it.

In the process of evolutionary development, humanity has mastered new forms of communication with the animal world: in a tamed animal, man has found a protector of his well-being and a devoted friend. In the ancient world, images of animals were symbolic: Sphinxes were the personification of the unity of animal and human. In Assyrian culture the image of a winged bull with the head of a man, in Greek - a centaur. The cat symbolized wisdom and grace, the lion-strength and rage.

An animal becomes not only a source of material existence for a person, but also a means of his spiritual development, the embodiment of beauty and perfection. The image of the animal occupies a significant place in the visual arts. A separate genre appeared, which was called animalistic.

Animal artists A whole galaxy of animal artists glorify the amazing world of living nature. Rembrandt. Reclining Lion Rembrandt. Elephants

Animals in the works of V.A. Vatagin are humanized, they are endowed with certain human traits and feelings characteristic of humans (arrogance, severity, significance, concentration, melancholy, etc.) Leopard. Ink and pen Puma. Ink, pen

It is very difficult to depict an animal from life. Therefore, the artist must spend hours observing them. Tiger. Pencil Tiger Head. Pencil Behemoth. Pencil

V. Serov. Greyhound V. Vatagin Tiger. Watercolor A. Ivanov. Sketch of a horse

Animal images in literary works Animalism is associated not only with fine arts, but also with literature. Very often we see specific human features in the images of animals, which are either praised or denounced by the author. The fox is cunning, resourceful, the hare is cowardly, the bear is strict but fair. Russian fairy tales

Wonderful drawings for Krylov’s fables were made by the Russian artist Valentin Serov. There is a gullible crow with cheese, a cunning fox, and an awkward quartet in which “the naughty Monkey, the Donkey, the Goat and the club-footed Bear” play.

Test yourself 1. What do you know about the animal genre? 2. Name the animal artists. 3.What can you say about the drawings of animals made by V. Serov, V. Vatagin? 4. Do you like to draw animals? What's your favorite animal?

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

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Presentation for the 7th grade fine arts lesson "Animalistic genre in the fine arts"

Animalistic genre is a genre of fine art dedicated to the depiction of animals. Mainly in painting, drawing, sculpture decorative and applied art. Often the main task...

The animalistic genre is far from the most popular in the world of painting, since the works are not as in demand as impressionism or romanticism. At the same time, there are quite a lot of artists who skillfully draw animals and create bright and beautiful paintings. Often, animal painters added animals to the drawings of other artists, as was the case with the famous painting by Shishkin, where Savitsky painted bears.

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So, which animal artists can be noted?

Robert Bateman

Robert practiced drawing birds since childhood, and now he has achieved fame by painting animals and birds in natural settings. Robert's works have taken pride of place in private collections, famous museums. He values ​​nature and is involved in conservation organizations.

Bulgarian artist Karl Brenders

The artist spent a lot of time studying, now he is working on sketches using pencil, then complementing the work using gouache and watercolor. As a result, each of the works amazes with its realism; they are very close to the photographs.

Peter Williams

The artist is self-taught, having worked as a driver, tutor and computer analyst. He always did painting in parallel. But by 2002, Peter began to paint professionally, and by 2010, Wildlife Artist magazine awarded him an award. On at the moment Peter is revered, and his drawings are published in publications

Terry Isaac - American animal artist

The artist began with illustrations for books for children, but later became fascinated by the beauty of wild nature. He believes that for this style of drawing it is very important to be able to observe nature and its inhabitants. He was voted Best of Florida in 1998, has worked on bird guides, and has had his work exhibited in renowned museums.

Watercolors by Susan Bordet

Painting in watercolor is very difficult, but Susan manages to convey real anatomy, complementing the images with a soft impressionist background. This technique has developed over the artist’s two decades of work. She actively exhibits and is published in the album “The Charm of Nature.”

Animalist David Stribbling

It is a leader in its field in the UK. In 1996, he set up a studio in the attic and began working seriously. The artist prefers to paint wild nature; his works most often depict African spaces and animals.

Cristina Penescu from Romania

The artist’s striking works are created using the scratching technique. She makes images using a special base and scratches. Christina did not study, mastering the technique on her own. Each image requires approximately 1,000 strokes of white clay on pressed cardboard. Next, the works are covered with black ink and realistic halftones are created. Some paintings are decorated using acrylic paints.

Works by Paul Krapf

The American artist was born in the western part of Pennsylvania. To learn how to reflect nature and animals, he studied painting. First when high school, and later in Pittsburgh, attending art institute. Before devoting himself entirely to painting, the artist worked at NASA as a design engineer.