Direction "Reason and Feelings"

Example of an essay on the topic: “Should reason prevail over feelings”?

Should reason prevail over feelings? In my opinion, there is no clear answer to this question. In some situations you should listen to the voice of reason, while in other situations, on the contrary, you need to act in accordance with your feelings. Let's look at a few examples.

So, if a person is possessed by negative feelings, he should curb them and listen to the arguments of reason. For example, A. Mass “Difficult Exam” talks about a girl named Anya Gorchakova, who managed to pass a difficult test. The heroine dreamed of becoming an actress, she wanted her parents to come to the play in children's camp, appreciated her game. She tried very hard, but she was disappointed: her parents never arrived on the appointed day. Overwhelmed by a feeling of despair, she decided not to go on stage. The teacher’s reasonable arguments helped her cope with her feelings. Anya realized that she should not let her comrades down, she needed to learn to control herself and complete her task, no matter what. And so it happened, she played better than anyone. The writer wants to teach us a lesson: no matter how strong negative feelings are, we must be able to cope with them, listen to the mind, which tells us the right decision.

However, the mind does not always give the right advice. Sometimes it happens that actions dictated by rational arguments lead to negative consequences. Let us turn to A. Likhanov’s story “Labyrinth”. The father of the main character Tolik was passionate about his work. He enjoyed designing machine parts. When he talked about this, his eyes sparkled. But at the same time, he earned little, but he could have moved to the workshop and received a higher salary, which his mother-in-law constantly reminded him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - his mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to family pressure, the hero sacrificed his feelings to reason: he abandoned his favorite activity in favor of earning money. What did this lead to? Tolik’s father felt deeply unhappy: “His eyes are sore and they seem to be calling. They call for help as if the person is scared, as if he is mortally wounded.” If before he was possessed by a bright feeling of joy, now he was possessed by dull melancholy. This was not the life he dreamed of. The writer shows that decisions that are reasonable at first glance are not always correct; sometimes, by listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.

Thus, we can conclude: when deciding whether to act in accordance with reason or feelings, a person must take into account the characteristics of a particular situation.

(375 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “Should a person live in obedience to his feelings?”

Should a person live according to his feelings? In my opinion, there is no clear answer to this question. In some situations you should listen to the voice of your heart, and in other situations, on the contrary, you should not give in to your feelings, you need to listen to the arguments of your mind. Let's look at a few examples.

Thus, V. Rasputin’s story “French Lessons” talks about the teacher Lydia Mikhailovna, who could not remain indifferent to the plight of her student. The boy was starving and, in order to get money for a glass of milk, he played gambling. Lydia Mikhailovna tried to invite him to the table and even sent him a parcel of food, but the hero rejected her help. Then she decided to take extreme measures: she herself began to play with him for money. Of course, the voice of reason could not help but tell her that she was violating the ethical norms of relations between a teacher and a student, that she was transgressing the boundaries of what was permitted, that she would be fired for this. But a feeling of compassion prevailed, and Lidia Mikhailovna violated the generally accepted rules of teacher behavior in order to help the child. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that “good feelings” are more important than reasonable standards.

However, sometimes it happens that a person is possessed by negative feelings: anger, resentment. Overwhelmed by them, he commits bad deeds, although, of course, with his mind he realizes that he is doing evil. The consequences can be tragic. The story “The Trap” by A. Mass describes the action of a girl named Valentina. The heroine dislikes her brother’s wife, Rita. This feeling is so strong that Valentina decides to set a trap for her daughter-in-law: dig a hole and disguise it so that Rita, when she steps, will fall. The girl cannot help but understand that she is committing a bad act, but her feelings take precedence over reason. She carries out her plan, and Rita falls into the prepared trap. Only suddenly it turns out that she was five months pregnant and could lose the baby as a result of a fall. Valentina is horrified by what she has done. She didn't want to kill anyone, especially a child! “How can I continue to live?” - she asks and finds no answer. The author leads us to the idea that we should not succumb to the power of negative feelings, because they provoke cruel actions, which we will later bitterly regret.

Thus, we can come to the conclusion: you can obey your feelings if they are good and bright; negative ones should be curbed by listening to the voice of reason.

(344 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “The dispute between reason and feelings...”

The dispute between reason and feeling... This confrontation has been eternal. Sometimes the voice of reason is stronger in us, and sometimes we follow the dictates of feeling. In some situations there is no right choice. By listening to feelings, a person will sin against moral standards; listening to reason, he will suffer. There may be no way that will lead to a successful resolution of the situation.

So, in A.S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” the author talks about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that this is what she dreamed about. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, and cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason takes precedence over her feelings, and she refuses Onegin. The heroine places moral duty and marital fidelity above love, but dooms both herself and her lover to suffering. Could the heroes have found happiness if she had made a different decision? Hardly. A Russian proverb says: “You can’t build your own happiness on misfortune.” The tragedy of the heroine’s fate is that the choice between reason and feeling in her situation is a choice without a choice; any decision will only lead to suffering.

Let us turn to the work of N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”. The writer shows what choice one of the heroes, Andriy, faced. On the one hand, he is possessed by a feeling of love for a beautiful Polish woman, on the other hand, he is a Cossack, one of those who besieged the city. The beloved understands that she and Andriy cannot be together: “And I know what your duty and covenant are: your name is father, comrades, homeland, and we are your enemies.” But Andriy’s feelings prevail over all arguments of reason. He chooses love, in the name of it he is ready to betray his homeland and family: “What are my father, comrades and homeland to me!.. The homeland is what our soul is looking for, what is dearer to it than anything else. My fatherland is you!.. And I will sell, give away, and destroy everything that I have for such a fatherland!” The writer shows that a wonderful feeling of love can push a person to do terrible things: we see that Andriy turns weapons against his former comrades, together with the Poles he fights against the Cossacks, among whom are his brother and father. On the other hand, could he leave his beloved to die of hunger in a besieged city, perhaps becoming a victim of the cruelty of the Cossacks if it was captured? We see that in this situation the right choice is hardly possible; any path leads to tragic consequences.

Summarizing what has been said, we can conclude that, reflecting on the dispute between reason and feeling, it is impossible to say unequivocally what should win.

(399 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “One can be a great person thanks to his feelings - not only his mind.” (Theodore Dreiser)

“One can be a great man thanks to his feelings – not only his mind,” asserted Theodore Dreiser. Indeed, not only a scientist or a general can be called great. The greatness of a person can be found in bright thoughts and the desire to do good. Feelings such as mercy and compassion can move us to noble deeds. By listening to the voice of feelings, a person helps those around him, makes the world a better place and becomes cleaner himself. I will try to confirm my idea with literary examples.

In B. Ekimov’s story “Night of Healing,” the author tells the story of a boy Borka, who comes to visit his grandmother on vacation. The old woman often has wartime nightmares in her dreams, and this makes her scream at night. The mother gives the hero reasonable advice: “She will just start talking in the evening, and you shout: “Be silent!” She stops. We tried." Borka is about to do just that, but the unexpected happens: “the boy’s heart was filled with pity and pain” as soon as he heard his grandmother’s groans. He can no longer follow reasonable advice; he is dominated by a feeling of compassion. Borka calms her grandmother down until she falls asleep peacefully. He is ready to do this every night so that healing can come to her. The author wants to convey to us the idea of ​​the need to listen to the voice of the heart, to act in accordance with good feelings.

A. Aleksin talks about this in his story “Meanwhile, somewhere...” Main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of ex-wife. A woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband and now by her adopted son, forces him to neglect the arguments of reason. Seryozha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the worst misfortune - loneliness. And when his father invites him to go to the sea on vacation, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will feel good. Yes, you can promise to come to her winter holidays. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence over these considerations in him. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to return his ticket to the sea. The author shows that sometimes actions dictated by a sense of mercy can help a person.

Thus, we come to the conclusion: a big heart, just like a big mind, can lead a person to true greatness. Good deeds and pure thoughts testify to the greatness of the soul.

(390 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “Our mind sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions.” (Chamfort)

“Our reason sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions,” argued Chamfort. And indeed, grief from the mind happens. When making a decision that seems reasonable at first glance, a person can make a mistake. This happens when the mind and heart are not in harmony, when all his feelings protest against the chosen path, when, having acted in accordance with the arguments of reason, he feels unhappy.

Let's turn to literary examples. A. Aleksin in the story “Meanwhile, somewhere...” talks about a boy named Sergei Emelyanov. The main character accidentally learns about the existence of his father's ex-wife and about her trouble. Once her husband left her, and this was a heavy blow for the woman. But now a much more terrible test awaits her. The adopted son decided to leave her. He found his biological parents and chose them. Shurik doesn’t even want to say goodbye to Nina Georgievna, although she raised him since childhood. When he leaves, he takes all his things. He is guided by seemingly reasonable considerations: he does not want to upset his adoptive mother by saying goodbye, he believes that his things will only remind her of her grief. He realizes that it is difficult for her, but he considers it reasonable to live with her newly acquired parents. Aleksin emphasizes that with his actions, so deliberate and balanced, Shurik deals a cruel blow to the woman who loves him selflessly, causing her unspeakable pain. The writer brings us to the idea that sometimes reasonable actions can become the cause of grief.

A completely different situation is described in A. Likhanov’s story “Labyrinth”. The father of the main character Tolik is passionate about his work. He enjoys designing machine parts. When he talks about this, his eyes sparkle. But at the same time, he earns little, but he can move to the workshop and receive a higher salary, which his mother-in-law constantly reminds him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - his mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to family pressure, the hero sacrifices his feelings to reason: he gives up his favorite job in favor of earning money. What does this lead to? Tolik’s father feels deeply unhappy: “His eyes are sore and they seem to be calling. They call for help as if the person is scared, as if he is mortally wounded.” If before he was possessed by a bright feeling of joy, now he was possessed by dull melancholy. This is not the life he dreams of. The writer shows that decisions that are reasonable at first glance are not always correct; sometimes, by listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that a person, following the advice of reason, will not forget about the voice of feelings.

(398 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “What rules the world – reason or feeling?”

What rules the world – reason or feeling? At first glance, it seems that reason dominates. He invents, plans, controls. However, man is not only a rational being, but also endowed with feelings. He hates and loves, rejoices and suffers. And it is feelings that allow him to feel happy or unhappy. Moreover, it is his feelings that force him to create, invent, and change the world. Without feelings, the mind would not create its outstanding creations.

Let's remember J. London's novel "Martin Eden". The main character studied a lot, became famous writer. But what prompted him to work on himself day and night, to create tirelessly? The answer is simple: it is a feeling of love. Martin's heart was won by a girl from high society, Ruth Morse. To win her favor, to win her heart, Martin tirelessly improves himself, overcomes obstacles, endures poverty and hunger on the way to his calling as a writer. It is love that inspires him, helps him find himself and reach the top. Without this feeling, he would have remained a simple semi-literate sailor and would not have written his outstanding works.

Let's look at another example. V. Kaverin’s novel “Two Captains” describes how the main character Sanya devoted himself to searching for the missing expedition of Captain Tatarinov. He managed to prove that it was Ivan Lvovich who had the honor of discovering the Northern Land. What prompted Sanya to pursue her goal for many years? Cold mind? Not at all. He was motivated by a sense of justice, because for many years it was believed that the captain died through his own fault: he “carelessly handled government property.” In fact, the true culprit was Nikolai Antonovich, because of whom most equipment turned out to be unusable. He was in love with the wife of Captain Tatarinov and deliberately doomed him to death. Sanya accidentally found out about this and most of all wanted justice to prevail. It was the sense of justice and love of truth that prompted the hero to tirelessly search and ultimately led to a historical discovery.

To sum up all that has been said, we can conclude: the world is ruled by feelings. To paraphrase Turgenev’s famous phrase, we can say that only by them does life hold on and move. Feelings encourage our minds to create new things and make discoveries.

(309 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “Mind and feelings: harmony or confrontation?” (Chamfort)

Mind and feelings: harmony or confrontation? It seems that there is no clear answer to this question. Of course, it happens that reason and feelings coexist in harmony. Moreover, as long as there is this harmony, we do not ask such questions. It’s like air: while it’s there, we don’t notice it, but if it’s missing... However, there are situations when the mind and feelings come into conflict. Probably every person at least once in his life felt that his “mind and heart were not in harmony.” An internal struggle arises, and it is difficult to imagine what will prevail: the mind or the heart.

So, for example, in A. Aleksin’s story “Meanwhile, somewhere...” we see a confrontation between reason and feelings. The main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of his ex-wife. A woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband and now by her adopted son, forces him to neglect the arguments of reason. Seryozha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the worst misfortune - loneliness. And when his father invites him to go to the sea on vacation, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will feel good. Yes, you can promise to come see her during the winter holidays. This is all quite reasonable. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence over these considerations in him. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to return his ticket to the sea. The author shows that the feeling of compassion wins.

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”. The author talks about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that this is what she dreamed about. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, and cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason takes precedence over her feelings, and she refuses Onegin. The heroine places moral duty and marital fidelity above love.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to add that reason and feelings lie at the basis of our existence. I would like them to balance each other, to allow us to live in harmony with ourselves and with the world around us.

(388 words)

Direction "Honor and Dishonor"

An example of an essay on the topic: “How do you understand the words “honor” and “dishonor”?

Honor and dishonor... Probably many have thought about what these words mean. Honor is self-esteem, moral principles that a person is ready to defend in any situation, even at the cost of his own life. The basis of dishonor is cowardice, weakness of character, which does not allow one to fight for ideals, forcing one to commit vile acts. Both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.

Many writers have addressed the topic of honor and dishonor. Thus, V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov” talks about two partisans who were captured. One of them, Sotnikov, bravely endures torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed the next morning, he prepares to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the hero’s thoughts: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his situation, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went on reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is the commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest have nothing to do with it.” It is significant that before his death the partisan thinks not about himself, but about saving others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero faces death courageously, not for a minute does the thought of begging the enemy for mercy or becoming a traitor occur to him. The author wants to convey to us the idea that honor and dignity are above the fear of death.

Sotnikov’s comrade, Rybak, behaves completely differently. The fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, all he can think about is saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended or indignant; on the contrary, he “felt keenly and joyfully - he will live! The opportunity to live has appeared - this is the main thing. Everything else will come later.” Of course, he does not want to become a traitor: “He had no intention of giving them partisan secrets, much less joining the police, although he understood that it would obviously not be easy to evade them.” He hopes that “he will turn out and then he will certainly settle accounts with these bastards...”. Inner voice tells Rybak that he has embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tries to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - isn’t this enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, as long as they don’t kill him or torture him during interrogations. If only he could break out of this cage, he wouldn’t allow himself anything bad. Is he an enemy to his own? Faced with a choice, he is not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.

The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. So he agrees to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continues to convince himself that “there is no great guilt behind him.” In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, I had no intention of becoming a German servant. He kept waiting to seize an opportune moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they will see him...”

And so Rybak takes part in Sotnikov’s execution. Bykov emphasizes that Rybak is trying to find an excuse even for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is this him? He just pulled out this stump. And then on the orders of the police.” And only walking in the ranks of policemen, Rybak finally understands: “There was no longer a road to escape from this formation.” V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor that Rybak chose is a path to nowhere.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that, when faced with a difficult choice, we will not forget about the highest values: honor, duty, courage.

(610 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed?”

In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed? Reflecting on this question, one cannot help but come to the conclusion: both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.

Thus, in wartime, a soldier may face death. He can accept death with dignity, remaining faithful to duty and without tarnishing military honor. At the same time, he can try to save his life by taking the path of betrayal.

Let us turn to V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov”. We see two partisans captured by the police. One of them, Sotnikov, behaves courageously, withstands cruel torture, but does not tell the enemy anything. He retains his self-esteem and before execution, he accepts death with honor. His comrade, Rybak, is trying to escape at all costs. He despised the honor and duty of the defender of the Fatherland and went over to the side of the enemy, became a policeman and even participated in the execution of Sotnikov, personally knocking out the stand from under his feet. We see that it is in the face of mortal danger that the true qualities of people appear. Honor here is fidelity to duty, and dishonor is synonymous with cowardice and betrayal.

The concepts of honor and dishonor are revealed not only during war. The need to pass a test of moral strength can arise before anyone, even a child. To preserve honor means to try to protect your dignity and pride; to experience dishonor means to endure humiliation and bullying, afraid to fight back.

V. Aksyonov talks about this in his story “Breakfasts in 1943.” The narrator regularly became a victim of stronger classmates, who regularly took away not only his breakfasts, but also any other things they liked: “He took it away from me. He selected everything - everything that was of interest to Him. And not only for me, but for the whole class.” The hero not only felt sorry for what was lost, the constant humiliation and awareness of his own weakness were unbearable. He decided to stand up for himself and resist. And although physically he could not defeat three over-aged hooligans, moral victory was on his side. An attempt to defend not only his breakfast, but also his honor, to overcome his fear became an important milestone in his growing up, the formation of his personality. The writer brings us to the conclusion: we must be able to defend our honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that in any situation we will remember honor and dignity, will be able to overcome mental weakness, and will not allow ourselves to fall morally.

(363 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “What does it mean to walk the path of honor?”

What does it mean to walk the path of honor? Let's turn to the explanatory dictionary: “Honor is the moral qualities of a person worthy of respect and pride.” Walking the path of honor means defending your moral principles, no matter what. The right path may involve the risk of losing something important: work, health, life itself. Following the path of honor, we must overcome fear of other people and difficult circumstances, and sometimes sacrifice a lot in order to defend our honor.

Let's turn to the story by M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrei Sokolov, was captured. They were going to shoot him for carelessly spoken words. He could beg for mercy, humiliate himself before his enemies. Perhaps a weak-willed person would have done just that. But the hero is ready to defend the soldier’s honor in the face of death. When commandant Müller offers to drink to the victory of German weapons, he refuses and agrees to drink only to his own death as a release from torment. Sokolov behaves confidently and calmly, refusing a snack, despite the fact that he was hungry. He explains his behavior this way: “I wanted to show them, the damned ones, that although I’m disappearing from hunger, I’m not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride, and that they didn’t turn me into a beast, like no matter how hard they tried." Sokolov’s act aroused respect for him even among his enemy. The German commandant recognized a moral victory Soviet soldier and saved his life. The author wants to convey to the reader the idea that even in the face of death one must maintain honor and dignity.

Not only soldiers during war must follow the path of honor. Each of us must be ready to defend our dignity in difficult situations. Almost every class has its own tyrant - a student who keeps everyone else in fear. Physically strong and cruel, he takes pleasure in tormenting the weak. What should someone who constantly faces humiliation do? Tolerate dishonor or stand up for your own dignity? The answer to these questions is given by A. Likhanov in the story “Clean Pebbles”. The writer talks about Mikhaska, a student primary school. He more than once became a victim of Savvatey and his cronies. The bully was on duty every morning at the elementary school and robbed the children, taking away everything he liked. Moreover, he did not miss an opportunity to humiliate his victim: “Sometimes he would grab a textbook or notebook from his bag instead of a bun and throw it into a snowdrift or take it for himself so that, after walking away a few steps, he would throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots on them.” Savvatey specifically “was on duty at this particular school, because in elementary school they study up to the fourth grade and the children are all small.” Mikhaska more than once experienced what humiliation means: once Savvatey took away from him an album with stamps, which belonged to Mikhaska’s father and therefore was especially dear to him, another time a hooligan set fire to his new jacket. True to his principle of humiliating the victim, Savvatey ran his “dirty, sweaty paw” over his face. The author shows that Mikhaska could not stand the bullying and decided to fight back against a strong and ruthless enemy, before whom the whole school, even adults, trembled. The hero grabbed a stone and was ready to hit Savvateya, but unexpectedly he retreated. He retreated because he felt Mikhaska’s inner strength, his readiness to defend his human dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the fact that it was the determination to defend his honor that helped Mikhaska win a moral victory.

Walking the path of honor means standing up for others. Thus, Pyotr Grinev in A.S. Pushkin’s novel “ Captain's daughter“Fought a duel with Shvabrin, defending the honor of Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, having been rejected, in a conversation with Grinev allowed himself to insult the girl with vile hints. Grinev could not stand this. As a decent man, he went out to fight and was ready to die, but to defend the girl’s honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that every person will have the courage to choose the path of honor.

(582 words)

Example of an essay on the topic: "Honor more valuable than life"

In life, situations often arise when we are faced with a choice: to act in accordance with moral rules or to make a deal with our conscience, to sacrifice moral principles. It would seem that everyone would have to choose the right path, the path of honor. But it's often not that simple. Especially if the price of the right decision is life. Are we ready to die in the name of honor and duty?

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. The author talks about the capture Belogorsk fortress Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his heroes made: Pyotr Grinev, just like the commandant of the fortress and Ivan Ignatievich, showed courage, was ready to die, but not to disgrace the honor of his uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign and refused to change his military oath: “No,” I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.” With all directness, Grinev told Pugachev that he might begin to fight against him, fulfilling his officer’s duty: “You yourself know, it’s not my will: if they tell me to go against you, I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse to serve when my service is needed? The hero understands that his honesty may cost him his life, but the feeling of longevity and honor prevails in him over fear. The hero's sincerity and courage impressed Pugachev so much that he saved Grinev's life and released him.

Sometimes a person is ready to defend, not even sparing his own life, not only his honor, but also the honor of loved ones and family. You cannot accept an insult without complaint, even if it is inflicted by a person higher on the social ladder. Dignity and honor are above all.

M.Yu. talks about this. Lermontov in “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov.” The guardsman of Tsar Ivan the Terrible took a liking to Alena Dmitrievna, the wife of the merchant Kalashnikov. Knowing that she was a married woman, Kiribeevich still allowed himself to solicit her love. An insulted woman asks her husband for intercession: “Don’t give me, your faithful wife, // to evil blasphemers!” The author emphasizes that the merchant does not doubt for a second what decision he should make. Of course, he understands what the confrontation with the Tsar’s favorite threatens him with, but the honest name of the family is more valuable than even life itself: And such an insult cannot be tolerated by the soul
Yes, the brave heart cannot bear it.
There's going to be a fist fight tomorrow
On the Moscow River under the Tsar himself,
And then I will go out to the guardsman,
I will fight to the death, to the last strength...
And indeed, Kalashnikov comes out to fight against Kiribeevich. For him, this is not a fight for fun, it is a fight for honor and dignity, a battle for life and death:
Don't joke, don't make people laugh
I, son of Basurman, came to you, -
I went out for a terrible battle, for the last battle!
He knows that the truth is on his side, and is ready to die for it:
I will stand for the truth to the last!
Lermontov shows that the merchant defeated Kiribeevich, washing away the insult with blood. However, fate is preparing a new test for him: Ivan the Terrible orders Kalashnikov to be executed for killing his pet. The merchant could have justified himself and told the tsar why he killed the guardsman, but he did not do this. After all, this would mean publicly disgracing the good name of your wife. He is ready to go to the chopping block, defending the honor of his family, to accept death with dignity. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that there is nothing more important for a person than his dignity, and it must be protected no matter what.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: honor is above everything, even life itself.

(545 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “To deprive another of the honor means to lose your own”

What is dishonor? On the one hand, it is a lack of dignity, weakness of character, cowardice, and inability to overcome fear of circumstances or people. On the other hand, dishonor is brought upon oneself by the outward appearance strong man, if he allows himself to defame others, or even simply mock the weaker, humiliate the defenseless.

Thus, in A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter,” Shvabrin, having received a refusal from Masha Mironova, in retaliation slanderes her and allows himself offensive hints addressed to her. So, in a conversation with Pyotr Grinev, he claims that you need to win Masha’s favor not with verses, he hints at her availability: “... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of tender poems, give her a pair of earrings. My blood began to boil.
- Why do you have such an opinion about her? - I asked, barely containing my indignation.
“And because,” he answered with a hellish grin, “I know her character and customs from experience.”
Shvabrin, without hesitation, is ready to tarnish the girl’s honor just because she did not reciprocate his feelings. The writer leads us to the idea that a person who acts vilely cannot be proud of his unblemished honor.

Another example is A. Likhanov’s story “Clean Pebbles”. A character named Savvatey keeps the entire school in fear. He takes pleasure in humiliating those who are weaker. The bully regularly robs students and mocks them: “Sometimes he would snatch a textbook or notebook from his bag instead of a bun and throw it into a snowdrift or take it for himself so that, after walking away a few steps, he would throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots on them.” His favorite technique was to run a “dirty, sweaty paw” across the victim’s face. He constantly humiliates even his “sixes”: “Savvatey looked at the guy angrily, took him by the nose and pulled him down hard,” he “stood next to Sasha, leaning on his head.” By encroaching on the honor and dignity of other people, he himself becomes the personification of dishonor.

Summarizing what has been said, we can conclude: a person who humiliates the dignity or discredits the good name of other people deprives himself of honor and condemns himself to contempt from others.

(313 words)

Date of publication: 03.12.2016

An example of a final essay in the direction of "Reason and Feeling"

Introduction (intro):

Reason and voice of the heart... What's more important? What should you listen to? The human soul is very complex. In it, sometimes opposing concepts fight against each other - reason and heart. And often a question arises before a person: submit heart, which is often selfish, or turn to the sound voice of reason? I believe that in order to make the right decision, you should not strictly listen to only one of them (Why?)

Comment: You were on the right path, but you didn’t get there) It’s clear that you shouldn’t listen to just one thing. To open up the topic, you need to explain why?

I have highlighted the questions in italics, they are written in different words, but have the same meaning, this is called “poured water”. Instead of one question, write why exactly you should not follow only the mind or only the heart.

Be careful with repetitions. Adjacent sentences should not contain two identical words.

There is a thesis, it is formatted correctly, but the topic is not fully disclosed.

Argument 1:

I can prove the correctness of my point of view by referring to the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The main character - Natasha Rostova - an ardent dreamer, thirsty for love, after the bitter departure of her groom, finds solace in Anatol Kuragin - treacherous and dishonest (lost a comma) he did not think of connecting his life with Natasha (heroine), but just wanted to use it. But blinded by the new feeling that Anatole aroused in her, the girl cannot see Kuragin’s true intentions. As a result: the engagement to the groom is broken, and Natasha dooms herself to the torment of suffering. Maybe if she listened to her mind (the mind didn’t say anything, it’s better to write “thought”, and not a deceitful heart, everything would be different.

Comment: good argument, good volume. Watch for replays. From the argument, I understood that under the influence of feelings, a person commits rash acts, which they later regret. It's a pity that you didn't write this in the introductory part, but that's what you meant, right?

Argument 2:

And the heroine of the novel I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" - Anna Odintsova is guided not by her heart, but by a cold mind. After Evgeny Bazarov, who is in love with her, confesses his feelings, she does not reciprocate, although deep in her soul she knows that she is also in love. Anna Sergeevna understood that she would lose that calm and moderate life with him. (lost a comma) which I'm so used to. And, choosing reason, refuses the call of the heart (you cannot refuse the call of your heart, you can listen to it or not listen to it). A Bazarov (lost a comma) never having known mutual love (lost a comma) - (dash is extra) dies due to illness. This is how their love story ends tragically, but their fate could have turned out completely differently and, perhaps, they could have found happiness together.

Probably since ancient times, people have been asking the question: What should we be guided by, reason or feelings? However, you can't choose just one. Rash actions actions committed under the power of emotions often lead to irreversible consequences; on the other hand, people who have tried to renounce emotions are not only unable to comprehend happiness, but also doom other people around them to unhappiness.

For example, Katerina, from “The Thunderstorm” by A.N. Ostrovsky, succumbing to emotions, decides to cheat on her husband. She is an honest and kind girl, and therefore cannot lie to her husband and admits to the sin she has committed. In the end, she cannot withstand the oppression and rushes into the Volga, thereby taking her own life. In this play, the girl just lacked the thoughtfulness of her actions.

Pechorin from M.Yu. Lermontov’s work “Hero of Our Time” stands on the other side of the scale.

This character did not know how to love and put reason first, as a result, the girl whom he forcibly left nearby dies after falling in love with him, and not only she, the hero himself cannot find his happiness throughout his life, the author tells us about the death of the hero is still in the middle of the book, but does not even specify how it happened, this tells us that Grigory Pechorin has long since died morally, and the reasons for his physical death are not so important.

Thus, I believe that in every person, reason and feelings must coexist in harmony, and only then will he find his happiness.

Updated: 2016-12-05

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Five arguments for preparing for the final essay on the block of topics: “Honor and dishonor”

1. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

The novel's epigraph immediately points to the problem raised by the author: who is the bearer of honor and who is the bearer of dishonor. Embodied honor, which does not allow one to be guided by material or other selfish interests, is manifested in the feat of Captain Mironov and his inner circle. Pyotr Grinev is ready to die for the given word of the oath, and does not even try to get out, deceive, or save lives. Shvabrin acts differently: in order to save his life, he is ready to serve the Cossacks, just to survive.

Masha Mironova is the embodiment of female honor. She is also ready to die, but does not enter into an agreement with the hated Shvabrin, who is seeking the girl’s love.

2. M.Yu. Lermontov “Song about ... merchant Kalashnikov”

Kiribeevich is a representative of the oprichnina, he does not refuse anything, he is accustomed to permissiveness. Desire and love lead him through life, he does not tell the whole truth (and therefore lies) to the king and receives permission to marry married woman. Kalashnikov, following the laws of Domostroy, stands up to defend the honor of his disgraced wife. He is ready to die, but to punish his offender. Leaving to fight on the execution site, he invites his brothers, who should continue his work if he dies. Kiribeevich behaves cowardly, courage and daring immediately disappear from his face as soon as he learns the name of his opponent. And although Kalashnikov dies, he dies a winner.

3. N.A. Nekrasov “To whom in Rus'...”

Matryona Timofeevna sacredly preserves her honor and dignity as a mother and wife. She, pregnant, goes to the governor’s wife to save her husband from being recruited.

Ermila Girin, being an honest and noble person, enjoys authority among the villagers of the surrounding area. When the need arose to buy the mill, he had no money; the peasants at the market collected a thousand rubles in half an hour. And when I was able to return the money, I went around to everyone and personally returned what I had borrowed. He gave the remaining unclaimed ruble to everyone for drinks. He is an honest man and honor is more important to him than money.

4. N.S. Leskov "Lady Macbeth" Mtsensk district»

The main character, Katerina Izmailova, puts love above honor. It doesn’t matter to her who she kills, just to stay with her lover. The death of a father-in-law or husband becomes only a prelude. The main crime is the murder of the little heir. But after exposure, she remains abandoned by her beloved man, since his love was only an appearance, a desire to find his mistress as a wife. The death of Katerina Izmailova does not wash away the dirt from her crimes. Thus, dishonor during life remains the posthumous shame of a lustful, jaded merchant's wife.

5. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

Sonya Marmeladova is the moral and ideological center of the novel. The girl, thrown onto the panel by her stepmother, retains the purity of her soul. She not only fervently believes in God, but also retains a moral principle that does not allow her to lie, steal, or betray. She carries her cross without shifting responsibility to anyone. She finds the right words to convince Raskolnikov to confess to the crime. And he follows him to hard labor, protects the honor of his ward, protects him in the most difficult moments of his life. In the end, he saves you with his love. So surprisingly, a girl working as a prostitute becomes in Dostoevsky’s novel a protector and bearer of true honor and dignity.

Five arguments for preparing for the final essay on the block of topics: “Friendship and Enmity”

1. A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

Chatsky and Gorich once (just a year ago they served together in the same regiment) were friends. Their meeting in Famusov’s house was joyful. One says: “Old friend,” and the other echoes: brother! This is how these people meet. According to Chatsky’s recollections, last year “...did I know you in the regiment? It’s only morning: your foot is in the stirrup and you’re rushing around on a greyhound stallion.” Now Gorich has fallen under the influence not only of his young wife, but of everyone Famusov society. He perceives the rumor of Chatsky’s madness with difficulty, but under pressure public opinion he gives up, thereby betraying his friend: “Well, that’s it, you can’t believe it…” So easily Platon Mikhailovich betrays his former friend, almost his brother.

2. M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time"

Pechorin does not accept friendship; he believes that in friendship one will always submit to the other. Werner doesn't think so. He tries his best to understand and explain Pechorin’s actions, but he never fully accepts his actions. The last meeting of these “friends” is colored by heavy intonations of omissions and misunderstandings. It’s a pity that Pechorin is indifferent to Werner’s attitude towards him. Although it's more likely bravado.

3. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

Prince Andrei and Count Bezukhov, despite the age difference, are very close friends. They are united by high demands on themselves, a desire to do good for society, to leave a mark. Andrey always gives practical advice to Pierre, although he never follows through. And Pierre is trying to help Andrey at the moment of Natasha’s betrayal. His words, at first glance, are not heard by his friend, but in fact, he suffers too much and seeks to avenge the honor of his beloved girl. They are always near, even when far away. This is true friendship.

4. M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don»

The life of Grigory Melekhov is filled with communication with people, among them are friends such as Mitka Korshunov and Mishka Koshevoy. Over time, life separates them not only on opposite sides of the barricades, but also on opposite sides of good and evil. Prokhor Zykov remains Grigory's single most faithful friend to the end.

5. B. Vasiliev “Tomorrow there was war”

Vika Lyuberetskaya and Iskra Polyakova are not friends at first. Both are very strong natures, they seemed to never find a common language. But Iskra realized how pure and honest Vika was after reading Yesenin’s poems. A harmless birthday became the starting point for testing the true friendship of these girls. Vicky's death shocked all her classmates. But Iskra accomplishes a feat when she reads Yesenin’s poems over the grave of her young friend. This is her oath of friendship to the dead girl.

Five arguments for preparing for the final essay on the block of topics: “Reason and Feeling”

1. “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”:

Reason has given way to feeling, and Igor, instead of making a reasonable decision to save the army and his life, after all the omens, decides to die, but not to disgrace his honor.

2. Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin “Minor”:

Reason is completely absent in the actions of Prostakova and Skotinin; they do not even understand the need to take care of their serfs, since all the well-being of these “masters of life” lies in them. Mitrofan demonstrates complete control over his feelings: when his mother is needed, he sucks up, says that he loves her, and as soon as his mother has lost all power, he announces:

Get off it, mother!

He has no sense of responsibility, love, devotion.

3. Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov “Woe from Wit”:

The main character, Chatsky, at first glance, is a model of reason. He is educated, understands his place well, determines the political situation, and is literate in matters of law in general and serfdom in particular. However, his mind refuses him in everyday situations; he does not know how to behave in a relationship with Sophia when she says that he is not the hero of her novel. In relation to Molchalin, Famusov and everyone secular society he is brave and daring and, in the end, ends up with nothing. A feeling of frustration and loneliness squeezes his chest:

My soul here is somehow compressed by grief.

But he is not used to obeying feelings and does not take the discord with society seriously, but in vain.

4. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”:

Onegin with teenage years accustomed to subordinating feelings to reason: “the science of tender passion” is already proof of this. Having met Tatyana, he “didn’t give in to his sweet habit,” he didn’t take this feeling seriously, deciding that he could cope with the feeling, as always, when he could “show off an obedient tear.” Reverse side Tatiana. In her youth, she obeyed only her feelings. Onegin read her a sermon in which he recommended: “learn to control yourself.” The girl took these words into account and began self-development. By the time of the next meeting with Onegin, she already masterfully controls her feelings, and Evgeny could not see a single gram of emotion on her face. But happiness is no longer possible...

5. Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”:

The main character, Pechorin, is a man consisting of reason and feelings. When he is alone with nature, with a diary or with a person with whom he does not have to pretend, it is a naked nerve, an emotion. A striking example is in the episode when he drove his horse along the road in pursuit of Vera. He cries with grief. This state lasts for a moment. But a moment passes, and another Pechorin rises above the “crying child” sobbing on the grass and soberly and sternly assesses his behavior. The triumph of reason does not give happiness to this person.

Five arguments for preparing for the final essay on the block of topics: “Victory and defeat”

1. M.Yu. Lermontov “Song about ... merchant Kalashnikov”

The merchant Kalashnikov, standing up for his wife’s honor, goes out for a fist fight with the guardsman Kiribeevich. He wins the battle, but dies at the hands of the executioner because he refuses to tell the king the reasons for his action. But Kalashnikov defended his wife’s honor. And his death becomes a victory.

2. M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"

The main character runs away from the monastery where he has been all his life, because he considers it a prison. Three days in freedom became for him a substitute for his whole life. Meeting people, fighting a leopard, thunder and lightning, contemplating the beauty of nature - this is life for him - demonic freedom. He dies, but, in his opinion, he wins.

3. A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

Katerina enters into single combat with " dark kingdom”and dies because it cannot withstand the onslaught of hypocrisy and falsehood. Her protest becomes the first signal for confrontation with this kingdom. Her death is a victory over general indifference and obscurantism.

4. I.A. Bunin " Clean Monday»

The main character of the story is a girl living an idle life filled with bright events. She is little understood by her boyfriend because he does not know how to listen. And the girl is looking for a way out of such a life. And her sudden departure to the monastery very clearly demonstrates the great inner work of the soul. By this act she proves the victory of the pure, the sublime, divine origin above the worldly, base, carnal. By going to the monastery, she saves her soul and conquers everything base.

5. E.I. Zamyatin "We"

The main character of the novel, having experienced love for the first time in his life, becomes a conspirator. But his primitive swarm consciousness is not capable of making the right choice; he calmly puts himself at the mercy of the guardians in order to avoid the need to choose. Watching the torture of his recently beloved, he dryly and logically reflects on the girl’s irrational behavior. The United State here and now wins victory over D-503 and over I-330, over the entire Mefi, but this victory is akin to defeat.

Five arguments for preparing for the final essay on the block of topics: “Experience and mistakes”

1. I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov"

The main character of the novel, Ilya Oblomov, starting his career, makes a mistake in his service and sends an important dispatch to Arkhangelsk instead of Astrakhan. After which he suddenly falls ill, the medical certificate issued by the doctor states: “Thickening of the heart with dilatation of the left ventricle,” caused by daily “going to work.” This mistake led to subsequent eternal lying on the sofa, from which even all of Stolz’s attempts cannot save him. So a mistake in the service became fatal for Oblomov.

2. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don"

Grigory Melekhov, being a young, strong Cossack, chooses the most beautiful young Cossack girl in the area, Aksinya, for love pleasures. This is a common thing for a Cossack village. But the problem lies in amazing origin the entire Melekhov family, in its genesis. And Aksinya, who had never known love, for the first time understood the charm of this feeling. In the village, the Cossacks were embarrassed to look into Aksinya’s shameless eyes. But his father’s order to marry Natalya becomes fatal for Grigory. All his life he will rush between two women, and in the end he will destroy both.

3. E.I. Zamyatin "We"

The main character of the novel, D-503, is a cog in the mechanism of the United State. He lives in a world where there is no love (it is replaced with “pink coupons”). The encounter with I-330 amazes the hero's imagination. He falls in love. By law, he must report to the guardians about the crime into which his girlfriend is involved. But he hesitates and wastes time. The mistake becomes fatal for I-330.

4. V.F. Tendryakov “Bread for the Dog”

Volodya Tenkov finds himself at the most terrible time during the years of the great turning point in the very center of the battle. On the one hand, these are well-fed representatives of the party leadership, where there are pies, borscht and delicious kvass. On the other hand, there are people thrown to the margins of life. The former “kulaks” today are “shkiletniki” and “elephants”, arousing the boy’s pity. Trying to help them becomes a mistake. An old sick dog saves a sick child.

5. V. Bykov “Sotnikov”

The main character of the story, Sotnikov, experienced a shock in his life. He, disobeying his father’s prohibition, took his signature pistol, which suddenly fired. It was hard for the boy to admit this to his father, but he did it not of his own free will, but at the request of his mother. When the boy told his father about his crime, he forgave him, but asked if he himself decided to do it? The child was not ready to answer this question and cowardly said: “Yes.” The poison of lies always burned Sotnikov’s soul, reminding him of his childhood mistake. This offense became decisive in Sotnikov’s life.

MIND AND FEELING. ARGUMENTS FOR AN ESSAY ON ADMISSION TO THE Unified State Exam (BASED ON THE STORY “OLESYA” BY A.I. KUPRIN)

People have been thinking about the human mind and human feelings since ancient times. And there is still no answer to the questions: what is more important in life: reason or feeling? How to live: by feeling or by reason?

Not a single writer, perhaps, has ignored such pictures of life, where the heroes of books have an internal struggle, a struggle between reason and feeling.

What was more important in life for Olesya, main character stories by A.I. Kuprin: feeling or reason? What did she, the Polesie witch, choose: a calm life away from civilization without Ivan Timofeevich or the joy of love? Having met an intelligent man from the city, she fell in love with him. This feeling became all-consuming for Olesya.

Olesya is a reasonable, sensible girl. She had special, unconventional abilities. Olesya looked at life soberly, especially since she foresaw her misfortune when, at the request of her loved one, she told fortunes on cards. One day she said that she even wanted to ask young man so that he stops visiting them. And when he got sick and she didn’t see him for a long time, then she decided that what would be would be, and she would not give her joy to anyone. When Ivan Timofeevich appeared at Olesya’s after an illness, during this silent meeting he felt that she was “giving him joyfully, without any conditions or hesitation, her entire being.”

Ivan Timofeevich invited her to become his wife. The girl said it was impossible. She realized that they were not a couple: he was a gentleman, smart, educated person, and she doesn’t even know how to read. Olesya believed that he would be ashamed of such a wife. Another obstacle is her grandmother. She couldn’t leave her alone, and she wouldn’t be able to live in the city.

Many tender, grateful words were said by Olesya to Ivan Timofeevich. Olesya took care that the young man, after his illness, did not catch a cold again in the cool season. She wanted to do something very, very nice. Olesya decided to go to church. The women beat her badly. Did she act wisely? She decided to take such an action consciously, because she loved very much. After this story, Olesya said that it was her fault, that she had done this in vain. She really didn't want her loved one to feel guilty.

The reader understands that Olesya’s love defeated her common sense. But she does not regret that she met a person out of her circle. Olesya only regretted that she did not have a child from him. She would be very happy about this.

Most will not deny that in the 21st century, reason prevails over feelings. Man is given reason. But not everyone is given such an all-consuming feeling by fate as Olesya. For her it came first.