Krylov's fables are an excellent school of observations of life, phenomena, characters. Fables are of interest both because of their dynamic plots and the depiction of the characters of the characters, in particular animals, insects, and birds. Every fable you read causes a person to think.

Reading the fable “Demyan’s Ear”, you understand: the story that the author tells is not at all about specific Demyan and Fok, and not about ear and excessive hospitality. Demyan personifies such traits as obsession, pickiness, importunity, and inability to respect the desires of another person. And the fable also teaches: good intentions do not always have good consequences.

The inability to work together, caring about the common cause, and not about one’s own tastes, is personified by the characters in the fable “Swan, Pike and Cancer.” The last line of this fable - “But only a cart is still there” - became a catchphrase. Sometimes these words are used to characterize the state of affairs of a person who is unable to complete what he started. The fable helps to understand: before taking on any business, you need to carefully weigh both your capabilities and the capabilities of your accomplices. Otherwise, what will come out of this case is “only flour.”

Krylov exposes the ignorant and ignorant in his fable “The Monkey and the Glasses.” Some people are very similar to the character in the fable: unable to understand some phenomenon, they deny or prohibit it. Many of the characters in Krylov’s fables seem to have come from folk tales. Their “characters” are well known, but the author creates situations in which their essence is revealed.

The fox is a character in many fairy tales. This image is used when it is necessary to portray cunning or deceit. In the fable “The Crow and the Fox,” it is cunning that helps the Fox get a piece of cheese. But the fable condemns not guile and cunning, but sycophancy and those who believe any words so that only they are pleasant. Krylov's fables expose various flaws in human characters and teach the art of living with dignity.

Common and different aspects of Krylov’s fable “The Wolf and the Lamb” and Aesop’s fable of the same name

It is known that the plots of many fables originated in ancient times, but fabulists from different countries use them to write new works.

How a new work arises based on a well-known plot, let's try to explore this using the example of the fables of Aesop and Krylov.

Aesop is a legendary poet who is considered the founder of the fable genre. Aesop's fables are prosaic, narrative, laconic. The main attention is paid to the clash between carriers of certain traits or different life positions. In the fable “The Wolf and the Lamb,” the characters’ personalities are clearly defined: the Lamb represents defenselessness, the Wolf represents strength. The moral that emerges from this is that just defense has no effect on those who intend to do injustice.

Unlike Aesop, Krylov placed the moral of his fable at the beginning, but the development of events in the fable is not perceived as a simple illustration of the moral. In Krylov, the wolf becomes the embodiment of an inexorable evil force, cruelty and self-will, and the development of the plot before our eyes reveals the mechanism of action of this cruel force. Readers become witnesses to everything that happens to the characters.

At the beginning of the fable, the Lamb is not afraid of the Wolf, because he does not harm anyone and does not violate the established rules. The senseless accusations that the Wolf makes are easily refuted by the Lamb. There is a sense of self-worth in Lamb's responses. For a moment, it even seems to readers that the Lamb has driven the Wolf into a dead end, because the predator has no more arguments to accuse. But it does not at all follow from this that after the meeting with the Wolf the Lamb will remain unharmed. Quite the opposite. Each worthy answer from the Lamb annoys the Wolf even more. Finally, the willful predator gets tired of looking for the imaginary guilt of his victim and he shows his essence. The last words of the fable: “He said - and the Wolf dragged the Lamb into the dark forest” - at the same time expected and unexpected. The reader knew from the very beginning that this was going to happen, but, watching the development of events, he hoped that the Lamb would eventually prove his innocence.

The fables of Aesop and Krylov have in common the plot, characters and even morality. Aesop's fable is written in prose, and Krylov's in poetry. But, in my opinion, the most important thing that distinguishes these two fables is the reader’s perception of the works. Aesop's fable appeals, so to speak, to the reader's mind. And Krylov’s fable goes to his heart.

1 option

1! Know I. L. Krylov is known and loved by adults and children, because they are written in simple, bright, living language, and their meaning is clear to everyone. The favorite technique of the great fabulist is allegory. 11ordinary people hide behind the sight of the mooing, bleating, growling heroes of his works. Emphasizing the merits of some, I. A. Krylov humorously exposes and ridicules the shortcomings of others. Thus, in his fable “The Wolf in the Kennel,” the poet exposes the cowardly, deceitful and hypocritical nature of the toothy predator, exalting the wisdom and worldly experience of the old hunter.

Reading the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale,” we laugh at the pompous words of the Donkey, who advises the feathered master of singing, the Nightingale, to take lessons from the rooster: “You would become more alert if you learned a little from him.”

The sluggish, inactive judges in the fable “The Pike” also evoke the author’s ridicule. The resigned, stupid Donkeys, Goats and old Nags are deftly commanded by the cunning Fox, appointed by the Prosecutor “for proper supervision in the order of business.” She is not new to such matters and skillfully saves the criminal Pike, who “provided a fish table” for her, condemning her to be “both scary and dangerous” to drown her in the river.

Time passes, but today, like two hundred years ago, we encounter ignorance and deceit, stupidity and pride. That is why the fables of I. A. Krylov remain not only close and understandable, but also beloved by readers of different ages.

Option 2

I. A. Krylov is a famous Russian fabulist. In his fables, he ridicules human shortcomings and vices, such as stupidity, anger, deceit, cunning, hypocrisy, boastfulness, and speaks out against lawlessness and injustice. We laugh heartily at the Donkey from the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale,” who decided to teach the Nightingale the art of singing.

Of course, everyone knows that the Nightingale is a consummate master of his craft, and the Donkey is too far from music to act as a judge on this matter. It is no coincidence that he considers the loud-mouthed rooster to be the standard of singing art. But, unfortunately, in real life we ​​often meet people who try to judge something about which they understand absolutely nothing.

No less revealing is the fable “Pike”, in which Krylov denounces nepotism and bribery, and the unprincipledness of the powers that be. Thus, the Fox-prosecutor, to whom the robber Pike “supplied the fish table,” suggests that the judges drown the culprit in the river as a “shameful execution,” to which they agree.

But, fortunately, in the end, there is a tamer for any villain, like the Wolf, who wanted to get into the sheepfold, but ended up in the kennel, where the hunter dealt with him.

I. A. Krylov's fables captivate the reader with their wisdom and subtle understanding of human essence, helping him to become better, purer, kinder.

In many fables, Krylov ridicules stupidity and ignorance with all sorts of shades of this deficiency; Thus, the stupid monkey is angry at the glasses only because he does not know how to use them (“The Monkey and the Glasses”); the monkey, stupidly, does not recognize his reflection in the mirror (“Mirror and the Monkey”) - and even, taking this opportunity, criticizes and condemns his neighbors; the fool did not know how to simply open the “casket”; The “curious” person, due to his mental myopia, sees only small details of life and does not notice the main thing. In the wonderful fable “The Liar”, boasting, lies, stupidity and passion for everything foreign are ridiculed at the same time, that “foreign insanity” that Krylov was so indignant at.

Vanity and flattery are ridiculed in The Crow and the Fox. From flattery it is not far from servility; how witty and subtly it is exposed in the fable “Two Dogs”! Life is hard for the “faithful dog Barbos,” this honest worker, while Zhuzhu, the “curly-haired lap dog,” perfectly managed to arrange her life - in what way? Only because she “walks on her hind legs” in front of her owners...

“Demyanova Ukha” is so famous that it is often taken literally, considering that it ridicules exaggerated, intrusive hospitality; in fact, Krylov denounced in this fable those authors who overly praise their works (fish soup) and treat their guests with them against their will.

Selfishness is ridiculed in the fable "The Frog and Jupiter"; the same selfishness, and even with a tinge of complete indifference to someone else’s misfortune, is depicted in the fable “The Siskin and the Dove”; ingratitude - in "The Wolf and the Crane"; greed - in “Fortune and the Pauper,” etc.

The second category of fables, which expose social shortcomings, speaks mainly of injustice, corruption, bribery, and touches on the issue of raising children.

Injustice and bribery are vividly depicted in such fables as “The Peasant and the Sheep,” “The Fox and the Marmot,” “Fish Dances,” and “The Pike.” In this last fable, Krylov depicts the court with a merciless mockery that comes through in every word. The judges are described with evil irony:

“They were: two donkeys, two old nags, and two or three goats. For proper supervision purposes, They gave a fox for the prosecutor”; since the accused, the pike..., “supplied the fish table for the fox

Then, with all sorts of cunning tricks, the fox saves the pike, deceiving and fooling “the venerable judges: she proposes to replace the execution assigned to the pike by hanging, with another, in her words more terrible: “drown it in the river.” "Wonderful"! donkeys, goats and nags scream, not understanding the prosecutor’s deception, “and the pike was thrown into the river,” so that it will continue to supply “Lisan-ka” with fish. No matter how naively, Krylov inserts a deeply ironic phrase in the middle of his story: “With all this, there was no partiality among the judges.”

The fox in all these fables plays the role of a cunning rogue, a bribe-taker - she always has “her snout in her mouth” (“The Fox and the Marmot”). Sheep - always depict an offended element (“The Peasant and the Sheep”). Leo, as the supreme one, sometimes punishes deceivers (“Fish Dances”).

The issue of raising children is touched upon in the fables “The Cuckoo and the Dove” and “The Peasant and the Snake.” Krylov condemns those parents who give their children to be raised by strangers, “entrust them to mercenary hands”; This is how the cuckoo throws its eggs into other people's nests. Such parents in old age cannot and should not expect love and affection from their children. In the fable “The Peasant and the Snake,” Krylov hints at the fact that parents often do not understand the merits of the foreign teacher to whom they entrust their children. In his fable, the peasant understands this issue correctly and refuses to accept the snake into the house.

“Fathers,” Krylov ends his fable, “do We understand what I’m aiming for here?”

Krylov doesn’t have many historical fables. Here are the most famous ones:

The fable “The Wolf in the Kennel” was written in 1812 and depicts the Patriotic War. Napoleon is a wolf, a gray-haired hunter is Kutuzov. The wolf thought that he could easily cope with the sheep, but his enemies turned out to be not sheep, but evil dogs, ready to tear to pieces the “gray bully.” “The kennel has become hell.” “They run - some with a club, others with a gun” - a hint of partisanship. - “Fire! they shout - fire. They came with fire,” a reference to the fire in Moscow. The Wolf wants to start negotiations, like Napoleon, who suggested that Kutuzov begin peace negotiations; but the old hunter (Kutuzov) interrupted the wolf’s speech with the words: “You are gray, and I, friend, am gray. And I’ve known your wolf nature for a long time... And therefore my custom is: do not make peace with wolves except by skinning them off,” “And then he released a pack of hounds on the wolf.”

They say that Krylov sent Kutuzov a list of this fable, and that Kutuzov himself read it aloud to his officers, and at the words: “you are gray, and I, friend, am gray,” he took off his cap and expressively pointed to his gray hair.

In the fable “Oboz”, Krylov hints at Kutuzov’s cautious, slow actions, which were criticized by most of Russian society.

In the fable “The Pike and the Cat,” Admiral Chichagov is ridiculed for missing Napoleon while crossing the Berezina. In the phrase “and the rats ate the tail from it (the pike)” there is a hint that the French captured part of Chichagov’s convoy.

The famous fable “Quartet” ironically depicts a meeting of Shishkovskaya’s “Conversation”, of which, however, Krylov himself was a member; some saw in this fable a mockery of the members of the State Council, formed according to Speransky’s project.

“The Cuckoo and the Rooster” depicts journalists Grech and Bulgarin, who mutually praised each other in their articles. It can be assumed that in the fable “Education of a Lion” Krylov hints at the education of Alexander 1st. Conservatives, dissatisfied with the reforms of Alexander 1st at the beginning of his reign, blamed the spirit and direction of these reforms on the republican Laharpe (eagle), who raised Alexander 1st.

It is impossible to list and analyze all the fables, which are so diverse and rich in content and meaning.

Need to download an essay? Click and save - » Krylov’s fables, which ridicule universal human shortcomings and vices. And the finished essay appeared in my bookmarks.

Ivan Andreevich Krylov was an extremely talented person: he was fond of mathematics and foreign languages, poetry and music, wrote plays and published magazines.

However, his fables brought him the greatest recognition and fame. Krylov earned the fame of the great Russian fabulist during his lifetime. When Ivan Andreevich was asked why he writes fables, he answered: “Fables are understandable to everyone.” Thus, Krylov’s fables are known to everyone and understandable to everyone. Who among us has not read his beautiful fables, or been surprised by his quick-witted, witty, intelligent statements, many of which have become aphorisms?

Each of his fables plays out like a living scene from life. In his fables, the poet ridiculed all kinds of human vices: laziness, envy, stupidity, idleness, boastfulness, cruelty, stinginess. Here, for example, is the fable “Trishka’s retinue,” in which the author subjected a crushing criticism to a person who, having no talent, takes on a task that is beyond her strength, as a result of which only sleeves were left from the retinue.

Each person must do work according to his abilities and calling, proves I. A. Krylov in his fable “Quartet”. Its plot is quite simple: having acquired musical instruments and notes, Monkey, Donkey, Goat and the club-footed Bear decided to eclipse the whole world with their art, but nothing good came of it. And then the monkey said that supposedly they were all sitting wrong, that’s why the music was bad. They changed seats several times, but the quartet did not go well. And then the Nightingale happened to fly past these “musicians”, he explained to them that in order to become a musician, it is necessary to have the appropriate abilities, talent, without which, no matter how they sit down, nothing will work out for them.

To be a musician, you need skill

And your ears are gentler, -

The Nightingale answers them: -

And you, friends, no matter how you sit down,

Everyone is not fit to be musicians.

Krylov knew well the miserable life of the workers, saw the injustice of the laws of that time, which were in force to please the ruling classes, and realistically described the life of that time in his stories.

In the fable “The Wolf and the Lamb,” he poses the important problem of the omnipotence and predatory morals of those in power, as well as the lack of rights of workers.

Little Lamb, frolicking, ran to the river to drink water, where the hungry Wolf saw him and, in order to somehow justify his cruelty, began to give all sorts of ridiculous arguments, but in the end, tired, he declared that the Lamb was to blame for the fact that The wolf wants to eat. Having said this, the Wolf dragged the Lamb into the dark forest. This is the whole truth, justice and legitimacy of the ruler.

How much harm do ignoramuses, worthless, uneducated, uncultured people bring to society? It's not hard to imagine. Without understanding anything about science themselves, they also condemn scientists. The poet develops this theme in his fable “The Pig under the Oak.” The pig, having eaten his fill of acorns under the oak tree, settled down to sleep, and when he woke up, he began to undermine the roots under the oak tree. When the raven explained to her that this was harmful for the tree, that it could dry out, the pig replied that, they say, it doesn’t matter at all to her whether the tree dries up or not, so long as there are acorns that make her fat. Likewise, ignorant people deny science, forgetting that they benefit from its fruits.

Tales of Krilov. there are many of them. And each is important, interesting and valuable in its own way. There's a whole world in them. They are distinguished by their brightness, wit, and expressive language. The great fabulist exposes in them the shortcomings that prevent people from living, criticizes not only individual shortcomings of people, but also certain historical events and social phenomena.

Long gone from the world. A. Krylov, but the creations of the great Russian fabulist remain imperishable and are of great value today.