Michelangelo Buonarroti is a recognized genius of the Renaissance, who made an invaluable contribution to the treasury of world culture.

On March 6, 1475, a second child was born in the Buonarroti Simoni family, who was named Michelangelo. The boy's father was the mayor of the Italian town of Carpese and was the offspring of a noble family. Michelangelo's grandfather and great-grandfather were considered successful bankers, but his parents lived in poverty. The status of mayor did not bring a lot of money to his father, but he considered other work (physical) to be humiliating. A month after the birth of his son, Lodovico di Lionardo's term as mayor came to an end. And the family moved to the family estate, located in Florence.

Francesca, the mother of the baby, was constantly sick, and being pregnant, she fell off her horse, so she could not feed the baby on her own. Because of this, tiny Mika was entrusted to the nurse, and the first years of his life were spent in the family of a stonemason. kid with early childhood played with pebbles and a chisel, addicted to the cultivation of boulders. When the boy grew up, he often said that he owed his talent to the milk of his foster mother.

The boy's mother died when Mika was 6 years old. This has affected the child's psyche so much that he becomes withdrawn, irritable and unsociable. The father, worried about the state of mind of his son, sends him to the Francesco Galeota school. The student does not show zeal for grammar, but he makes friends who instill in him a love for painting.

At the age of 13, Michelangelo announced to his father that he did not intend to continue the family financial business, but would study artistic skills. Thus, in 1488, the teenager became a student of the Ghirlandaio brothers, who introduced him to the art of creating frescoes and instilled the basics of painting.

Relief sculpture by Michelangelo "Madonna at the stairs"

He spent a year in the workshop of Ghirlandaio, after which he went to study sculptures in the Medici gardens, where the ruler of Italy, Lorenzo the Magnificent, became interested in the talent of the young man. Now the biography of Michelangelo has been replenished with an acquaintance with the young Medici, who later became popes. While working in the San Marco Gardens, the young sculptor received permission from Niko Bicellini (rector of the church) to study human corpses. In gratitude, he presented the clergyman with a crucifix with a face. Studying the skeletons and muscles of dead bodies, Michelangelo became thoroughly acquainted with the structure human body, but undermined their own health.

Relief sculpture by Michelangelo "Battle of the Centaurs"

At the age of 16, the young man creates the first two relief sculptures - "Madonna at the Stairs" and "Battle of the Centaurs". These first bas-reliefs, which came out from under his hands, prove that the young master is endowed with an extraordinary gift, and a bright future awaits him.

Creation

After the death of Lorenzo Medici, his son Piero ascended the throne, who, through political short-sightedness, destroyed the republican system of Florence. At the same time, Italy is attacked french army under the leadership of Charles VIII. A revolution breaks out in the country. Florence, torn apart by internecine factional wars, cannot withstand the military onslaught and surrenders. The political and internal situation in Italy is heating up to the limit, which does not at all contribute to the work of Michelangelo. The man goes to Venice and Rome, where he continues his studies and studies the statues and sculptures of antiquity.

In 1498, the sculptor created the Bacchus statue and the Pieta composition, which bring him worldwide fame. The sculpture, where the young Mary holds the dead Jesus in her arms, was placed in the church of St. Peter. A few days later, Michelangelo heard a conversation from one of the pilgrims, who stated that the composition "Pieta" was created by Christoforo Solari. That same night, the young master, overcome with anger, made his way to the church and carved an inscription on the breast ribbon of Mary. The engraving read: "MICHEL ANGELUS BONAROTUS FLORENT FACIBAT - this was done by Michelangelo Buonaroti, Florence."

A little later, he repented of his attack of pride and decided not to sign his work anymore.

At the age of 26, Miquet took on the incredibly difficult job of carving a statue from a 5-meter block of damaged marble. One of his contemporaries, without creating anything interesting, simply threw a stone. No other craftsman was ready to ennoble the crippled marble. Only Michelangelo was not afraid of difficulties and three years later showed the world a majestic statue of David. This masterpiece has an incredible harmony of forms, filled with energy and inner strength. The sculptor managed to breathe life into a cold piece of marble.

When the master finished work on the sculpture, a commission was created that determined the location of the masterpiece. Here the first meeting of Michelangelo with. This meeting could not be called friendly, because the 50-year-old Leonardo lost a lot to the young sculptor and even elevated Michelangelo to the ranks of rivals. Seeing this, the young Piero Soderini arranges a competition between artists, instructing them to paint the walls of the Great Council in the Palazzo Vecchio.

Da Vinci began work on a fresco based on the plot of the Battle of Anghiari, and Michelangelo took the Battle of Kashin as a basis. When 2 sketches were put on public display, none of the critics could give preference to any of them. Both cardboards turned out to be made so skillfully that the cup of justice equalized the talent of the masters of brush and paint.

Since Michelangelo was also known as a brilliant artist, he was asked to paint the ceiling of one of the Roman churches in the Vatican. For this work, the painter was taken twice. From 1508 to 1512 he painted the ceiling of the church, the area of ​​​​which was 600 square meters. meters, plots from the Old Testament from the moment of the Creation of the world to the Flood. The most striking image here is the first man - Adam. Initially, Miquet planned to draw only 12 Apostles, but the project inspired the master so much that he dedicated 4 years of his life to him.

At first, the artist painted the ceiling together with Francesco Granaxi, Giuliano Bugardini and hundreds of laborers, but then, in a fit of anger, he fired the henchmen. He hid the moments of the creation of the masterpiece even from the Pope, who repeatedly tried to look at the painting. At the end of 1511, Michelangelo was so tormented by the requests of those eager to see the creation that he lifted the veil of secrecy. What he saw shocked the imagination of many people. Even being impressed by this painting, he partially changed own style letters.

Work in the Sistine Chapel so tired the great sculptor that he writes the following in his diary:

“After four tortured years, having made over 400 life-size figures, I felt so old and tired. I was only 37, and all my friends no longer recognized the old man that I had become.

He also writes that from hard work his eyes almost stopped seeing, and life became gloomy and gray.

In 1535, Michelangelo again takes up painting the walls in the Sistine Chapel. This time he creates the Last Judgment fresco, which caused an uproar among the parishioners. In the center of the composition is depicted Jesus Christ, surrounded by naked people. These human figures symbolize the sinners and the righteous. The souls of the faithful rise to heaven to the angels, and the souls of sinners are collected by Charon on his boat and drive them to Hell.

The Last Judgment fresco by Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel

The protest of the believers was not caused by the picture itself, but by naked bodies, which should not be in a holy place. Repeatedly there were calls for the destruction of the largest fresco of the Italian Renaissance. While working on the painting, the artist fell from the scaffolding, severely injuring his leg. The emotional man saw this as a divine sign and decided to give up work. Only his best friend could convince him, and part-time doctor, who helped the patient to heal.

Personal life

There have always been many rumors around the personal life of the famous sculptor. He is prescribed various close relationships with his sitters. In support of the version of Michelangelo's homosexuality, the fact that he never married also speaks. He himself explained it as follows:

“Art is jealous and demands the whole person. I have a wife to whom I belong, and my children are my works.

Exact confirmation from historians find it romantic relationship with Marquise Vittoria Colonna. This woman, distinguished by an extraordinary mind, deserved the love and deep affection of Michelangelo. Moreover, the Marchioness of Pescara is considered the only woman whose name is associated with the great artist.

It is known that they met in 1536, when the Marquise arrived in Rome. A few years later, the woman was forced to leave the city and go to Viterbo. The reason was the rebellion of her brother against Paul III. From this moment begins the correspondence between Michelangelo and Vittoria, which has become a real monument historical era. It is believed that the relationship between Michelangelo and Vittoria was only in the nature of platonic love. Remaining devoted to her husband who died in battle, the Marquise experienced only friendly feelings for the artist.

Death

Michelangelo completed his earthly journey in Rome on February 18, 1564. A few days before his death, the artist destroyed sketches, drawings and unfinished poems. Then he went to the tiny church of Santa Maria del Angeli, where he wanted to perfect the sculpture of the Madonna. The sculptor believed that all his works were unworthy of the Lord God. And he himself is not worthy of a meeting with Paradise, since he left no descendants behind him, with the exception of soulless stone sculptures. Mique wanted in his last days to breathe life into the statue of the Madonna, in order to complete earthly affairs in this way.

But in the church, he lost consciousness from overexertion, and woke up by the morning of the next day. Having reached the house, the man falls into bed, dictates a will and gives up the ghost.

The great Italian sculptor and painter left behind many works that still delight the minds of mankind. Even on the threshold of life and death, the master did not let go of the tools, trying to leave only the best to his descendants. But there are moments in the biography of the Italian that are not known to many.

• Michelangelo studied corpses. The sculptor sought to recreate the human body in marble, observing the smallest details. And for this he needed to know anatomy well, so the master spent dozens of nights in the monastery morgue.
• The artist did not like painting. Surprisingly, Buonarroti considered the creation of landscapes and still lifes a waste of time and called these paintings "empty pictures for ladies."
• The teacher broke Michelangelo's nose. This became known from the diaries of Giorgio Vasari, who described in detail the situation where the teacher beat the student out of envy, breaking his nose.
• Severe illness of the sculptor. It is known that for the last 15 years of his life, Mike suffered from severe joint pain. At that time, many paints were poisonous, and the master was forced to constantly breathe in fumes.
• Good poet. A talented person is talented in many ways. These words can be safely attributed to the great Italian. His portfolio contains hundreds of sonnets not published during his lifetime.

The work of the famous Italian brought him fame and fortune during his lifetime. And he was able to fully taste the reverence of the fans and enjoy the popularity, which was inaccessible to many of his colleagues.

Michelangelo di Lodovico di Leonardo di Buonarroti Simoni (Michelangelo di Lodovico di Leonardo di Buonarroti Simoni) is the most famous painter from Italy, a genius of architectural and sculptural works, a thinker and an early period. 9 of the 13 popes who were on the throne during the time of Michelangelo invited the master to perform work in and.

Little Michelangelo saw the light in the early morning of March 6, 1475 on Monday in the family of a bankrupt banker and nobleman Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni in the Tuscan town of Caprese, near the province of Arezzo, where his father held the position of podestà ), head of the Italian medieval administration.

Family and childhood

Two days after his birth, on March 8, 1475, the boy was baptized in the church of San Giovanni di Caprese (Chiesa di San Giovanni di Caprese). Michelangelo was the 2nd child in a large family. Mother, Francesca Neri del Miniato Siena, in 1473 gave birth to the first child Lionardo, in 1477 Buonarroto was born, in 1479 the fourth son Giovansimone was born, in 1481 the younger Gismondo was born. exhausted frequent pregnancies, a woman dies in 1481, as soon as Michelangelo was 6 years old.

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In 1485, the father of a large family married for the second time to Lucrezia Ubaldini di Galliano, who was unable to give birth to her own children and raised adopted boys as her own. Unable to cope with a large family, his father gave Michelangelo to the Topolino foster family in the city of Settignano. The father of the new family worked as a stonemason, and his wife knew the child from childhood, as she was Michelangelo's nurse. It was there that the boy began to work with clay and picked up a chisel for the first time.

To give the heir an education, his father assigned Michelangelo to the educational institution of Francesco Galatea da Urbino (Francesco Galatea da Urbino), located in (Firenze). But the student from him turned out to be unimportant, the boy liked to draw more, copying icons and frescoes.

First works

In 1488, the young painter achieves his goal and goes to study at the studio of Domenico Ghirlandaio, where he learns the basics of drawing techniques for a whole year. During the year of study, Michelangelo creates several pencil copies famous paintings and a copy from an engraving by the German painter Martin Schongauer titled "The Torment of Saint Anthony" ("Tormento di Sant'Antonio").

In 1489, the young man was enrolled in the art school of Bertoldo di Giovanni (Bertoldo di Giovanni), organized under the auspices of (Lorenzo Medici), the ruler of Florence. Noticing the genius of Michelangelo, the Medici takes him under his protection, helping him develop his abilities and fulfill expensive orders.

In 1490, Michelangelo continued his studies at the Academy of Humanism at the Medici court, where he met the philosophers Marsilio Ficino and Angelo Ambroghini, the future Popes: Leo X (Leo PP. X) and Clement VII (Clemens PP. VII). For 2 years of study at the Academy of Michelangelo creates:

• Marble relief "Madonna at the stairs" ("Madonna della scala"), 1492, exhibited in the Florentine Museum of Casa Buonarroti (Casa Buonarroti);
• Marble relief "Battle of the Centaurs" ("Battaglia dei centauri"), 1492, exhibited at Casa Buonarroti;
• Sculpture by Bertoldo di Giovanni.

On April 8, 1492, the influential patron of talents, Lorenzo de' Medici, dies, and Michelangelo decides to return to his father's house.

In 1493, with the permission of the rector of the church of Santa Maria del Santo Spirito (Santa Maria del Santo Spirito), he studied anatomy on corpses at the church hospital. In gratitude for this, the master makes for the priest a wooden "Crucifixion" ("Crocifisso di Santo Spirito") 142 cm in height, which is now exhibited in the church in the side chapel.

In Bologna

In 1494, Michelangelo left Florence, not wanting to participate in the uprising of Savonarola (Savonarola) and went to (Bologna), where he immediately took up the order of 3 small figures for the tomb of St. Dominic (San Domenico) in the church of the same name "Saint Dominic" ("Chiesa di San Domenico"):

• "Angel with a candelabra" ("Angelo reggicandelabro"), 1495;
• "Saint Petronius" ("San Petronio"), patron of the city of Bologna, 1495;
• "Saint Proclus" ("San Procolo"), Italian warrior-saint, 1495

In Bologna, the sculptor learns to create difficult reliefs, watching the actions of Jacopo della Quercia (Jacopo della Quercia) in (La Basilica di San Petronio). Elements of this work would be reproduced by Michelangelo later on the ceiling ("Cappella Sistina").

Florence and Rome

In 1495, the 20-year-old master again comes to Florence, where the power is in the hands of Girolamo Savonarola, but does not receive any orders from the new rulers. He returns to the Medici Palace and begins working for Lorenzo's heir, Pierfrancesco di Lorenzo de' Medici, creating for him now lost statues:

• "John the Baptist" ("San Giovannino"), 1496;
• "Sleeping Cupid" ("Cupido dormiente"), 1496

Lorenzo asked the last statue to be made old, he wanted to sell the work of art more expensive, passing it off as an old find. But Cardinal Rafael Riario, who purchased the forgery, discovered the deception, however, impressed by the work of the author, did not make claims to him, inviting him to work in Rome.

June 25, 1496 Michelangelo arrives in Rome, where for 3 years he creates the greatest masterpieces: marble sculptures of the god of wine Bacchus (Bacco) and (Pietà).

Heritage

Throughout his subsequent life, Michelangelo repeatedly worked either in Rome or in Florence, fulfilling the most labor-intensive orders of the popes.

The creativity of the ingenious master was manifested not only in sculptures, but also in painting and architecture, leaving many unsurpassed masterpieces. Unfortunately, some works have not survived to our time: some were lost, others were deliberately destroyed. In 1518, the sculptor for the first time destroyed all the sketches for painting the Sistine Chapel (Cappella Sistina), and 2 days before his death, he again ordered to burn his unfinished drawings so that posterity would not see his creative torment.

Personal life

It is not known for certain whether Michelangelo had a close relationship with his passions or not, but the homosexual nature of his attraction comes through in many of the maestro's poetic works.

At the age of 57, he dedicated many of their sonnets and madrigals to the 23-year-old Tommaso dei Cavalieri.(Tommaso Dei Cavalieri). Many of their joint poetic works speak of mutual and touching love to each other.

In 1542, Michelangelo met Cecchino de Bracci, who died in 1543. The maestro was so saddened by the loss of a friend that he wrote a cycle of 48 sonnets, praising grief and sadness for an irreparable loss.

One of the young men posing for Michelangelo, Febo di Poggio, constantly asked for money, gifts and jewelry from the master in return for reciprocal love, receiving the nickname “little blackmailer” for this.

The second young man, Gerardo Perini (Gherardo Perini), also posing for the sculptor, did not hesitate to take advantage of the favor of Michelangelo and simply robbed his admirer.

At the end of his life, the sculptor felt a wonderful sense of affection for a female representative, the widow and poetess Vittoria Colonna, whom he had known for over 40 years. Their correspondence is a significant monument of the era of Michelangelo.

Death

Michelangelo's life was interrupted on February 18, 1564 in Rome. He died in the presence of a servant, doctors and friends, having managed to dictate a will, promising the Lord - his soul, the earth - his body, and his relatives - property. A tomb was built for the sculptor, but two days after his death, the body was moved for some time to the Basilica of Santi Apostoli (Santi Apostoli), and in July he was buried in the Basilica of Santa Croce (Basilica di Santa Croce) in the center of Florence.

Painting

Despite the fact that the main manifestation of the genius of Michelangelo was the creation of sculptures, he has many masterpieces of pictorial performance. According to the author, high-quality paintings should look like sculptures and reflect the volume and relief of the images presented.

"Battle of Cascina" ("Battaglia di Cascina") was created by Michelangelo in 1506 for painting one of the walls Great Halls Council in the Apostolic Palace (Palazzo Apostolico) by order of the gonfaloniere (gonfaloniere) Pier Soderini. But the work remained unfinished, as the author was summoned to Rome.

On a huge cardboard in the premises of the Sant'Onofrio hospital, the artist masterfully depicted soldiers in a hurry to stop bathing in the Arno River. A horn from the camp called them to battle and the men in a hurry grab their weapons, armor, pull clothes over wet bodies, while helping their comrades. The cardboard placed in the Papal Hall became a school for artists such as: Antonio da Sangallo (Antonio da Sangallo), (Raffaello Santi), Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (Ridolfo del Ghirlandaio), Francesco Granaccio (Francesco Granacci), and later Andrea del Sarto (Andrea del Sarto), Jacopo Sansovino, Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Perino del Vaga and others. They came to work and copied from a unique canvas, trying to get closer to the talent of the great master. Cardboard has not survived to our time.

"Madonna Doni" or "Holy Family" (Tondo Doni) - a round painting with a diameter of 120 cm is exhibited in (Galleria degli Uffizi) in Florence. It was made in 1507 in the "cangiante" style, when the skin of the depicted characters resembles marble. Most of the picture is occupied by the figure of the Mother of God, behind her is John the Baptist. They hold the baby Christ in their arms. The work is filled with complex symbolism, subject to various interpretations.

Manchester Madonna

The unfinished "Manchester Madonna" (Madonna di Manchester) was made in 1497 on a wooden board and is stored in the London National Gallery (National Gallery). The first name of the painting sounded like: “Madonna and Child, John the Baptist and Angels”, but in 1857 it was first presented to the public at an exhibition in Manchester (Manchester), having received its second name, by which it is known today.

The Entombment (Deposizione di Cristo nel sepolcro) was executed in 1501 in oil on wood. Another unfinished work by Michelangelo, owned by the London National Gallery. The main figure of the work was the body of Jesus taken down from the cross. His followers carry their teacher to the coffin. Presumably, John the Evangelist is depicted to the left of Christ in red clothes. Other characters may be: Nicodemus (Nikodim) and Joseph of Arimathea (Joseph of Arimathea). On the left kneeling in front of the teacher is Mary Magdalene (Mary Magdalene), and on the right below, the image of the Mother of God is outlined, but not drawn.

Madonna and Child

The Madonna and Child sketch (Madonna col Bambino) was made between 1520 and 1525 and may well turn into a full-fledged painting in the hands of any artist. Stored in the Museum "Casa (House) Buonarroti" (Casa Buonarroti) in Florence. First, on the first sheet of paper, he drew the skeletons of future images, then on the second he “built up” muscles on the skeleton. In our time, the work has been exhibited with great success in museums in America for the past three decades.

Leda and the swan

The lost painting “Leda and the Swan” (“Leda e il cigno”), created in 1530 for the Duke of Ferrara Alfonso I d’Este (Italian: Alfonso I d’Este), is known today only thanks to copies. But the duke did not get the picture, the nobleman sent for the work to Michelangelo commented on the work of the master: “Oh, this is nothing!” The artist expelled the envoy and presented the masterpiece to his student Antonio Mini (Antonio Mini), with whom both sisters soon married. Antonio took the work to France, where it was bought by the monarch Francis I (François Ier). The painting belonged to the Fontainebleau Palace (Château de Fontainebleau) until it was destroyed in 1643 by François Sublet de Noyers, who considered the image too voluptuous.

Cleopatra

Painting "Cleopatra" ("Cleopatra") 1534 creation - ideal female beauty. The work is interesting in that on the other side of the sheet there is another sketch in black chalk, but so ugly that art historians made an assumption that the authorship of the sketch belonged to one of the master’s students. Michelangelo's portrait of the Egyptian queen was presented by Tommaso dei Cavalieri. Perhaps Tommaso tried to draw one of the ancient statues, but the work was unsuccessful, then Michelangelo turned the sheet over and turned the squalor into a masterpiece.

Venus and Cupid

Cardboard "Venus and Cupid" ("Venere e Amore"), created in 1534, was used by the painter Jacopo Carucci to create the painting "Venus and Cupid" ("Venus and Cupid"). Oil painting on wood panel measuring 1 m 28 cm by 1 m 97 cm is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. ABOUT The original work by Michelangelo has not survived to this day.

Pieta

The drawing "Pieta" ("Pietà per Vittoria Colonna") was written in 1546 for Michelangelo's girlfriend, the poetess Vittoria Colonna. The chaste woman not only dedicated her work to God and the church, but also forced the artist to become more deeply imbued with the spirit of religion. It was to her that the master dedicated a series of religious drawings, among which was the Pieta.

Michelangelo repeatedly wondered if he was competing with God himself, trying to achieve perfection in art. The work is stored in the Museum of Isabella Stewart Gardner (Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum) in Boston (Boston).

Epiphany

The sketch “Theophany” (“Epifania”) is a grandiose work of the artist, completed in 1553. It was made on 26 paper sheets 2 m 32 cm 7 mm high after much thought (multiple traces of sketch changes are visible on paper). In the center of the composition is the Virgin Mary, who with her left hand removes Saint Joseph from herself. At the feet of the Mother of God is the baby Jesus, in front of Joseph is the baby St. John. On the right hand of Mary is a figure of a man not identified by art critics. The work is exhibited in british museum(British Museum) in London (London).

sculptures

Today, 57 works belonging to Michelangelo are known, about 10 sculptures were lost. The master did not sign his work and the ministers of culture continue to "find" all the new works of the sculptor.

Bacchus

The sculpture of the drunken god of wine made of marble "Bacchus" ("Bacco"), 2 m 3 cm high, is depicted in 1497 with a glass of wine in his hand and with grape clusters symbolizing the hair on his head. He is accompanied by a goat-footed satyr. The customer of one of the first masterpieces of Michelangelo was Cardinal Rafael della Rovere (Raffaele della Rovere), who subsequently refused to take the work. In 1572 the Medici family bought the statue. Today it is exhibited in the Italian Museum "Bargello" ("Bargello") in Florence.

Roman Pieta

An order for painting a ceiling with an area of ​​​​about 600 square meters. m. "Sistine Chapel" ("Sacellum Sixtinum"), the Apostolic Palace, Pope Julius II (Iulius PP. II) gave the master after their reconciliation. Before that, Michelangelo lived in Florence, he was angry with the pope, who refused to pay for the construction of his own tomb.

Previously, the talented sculptor had never done frescoes, but he completed the order of the royal person in the shortest possible time, painting the ceiling with three hundred figures and nine scenes from the Bible.

Creation of Adam

"The Creation of Adam" ("La creazione di Adamo") is the most famous and beautiful fresco of the chapel, completed in 1511. One of the central compositions is full of symbolism and hidden meaning. God the Father, surrounded by angels, is depicted as flying to infinity. He reaches out to meet Adam's outstretched hand, breathing soul into a perfect human body.

Last Judgment

The Last Judgment fresco (Giudizio universale) is the largest fresco of the Michelangelo era. The master has been working on the image measuring 13 m 70 cm by 12 m for 6 years, finishing it in 1541. In the center is a figure of Christ with his right hand raised up. He is no longer the messenger of the world, but a formidable judge. Next to Jesus were the apostles: St. Peter, St. Lawrence, St. Bartholomew, St. Sebastian and others.

The dead look with horror at the judge, waiting for the verdict. Those saved by Christ are resurrected, and sinners are carried away by the devil himself.

“The Universal Flood” is the first fresco painted by Michelangelo on the ceiling of the chapel in 1512. Masters from Florence helped the sculptor to do this work, but soon their work ceased to satisfy the maestro and he refused outside help. The image represents human fears at the last moment of life. Everything is already flooded with water, except for a few high hills, on which people in desperation try to avoid death.

"Libyan Sibyl" ("Libyan sibyl") - one of the 5 depicted by Michelangelo on the ceiling of the chapel. A graceful woman with a folio is presented half-turned. According to the assumption of art critics, the artist copied the image of the Sibyl from a posing young man. According to legend, she was a dark-skinned African woman of average height. The maestro decided to portray a soothsayer with white skin and blond hair.

Separation of Light from Darkness

The fresco "The Separation of Light From Dark", like other frescoes in the chapel, is filled with a riot of colors and emotions. The Higher Mind, full of love for all things, has such incredible power that Chaos is unable to prevent it from separating light from darkness. Giving the Almighty a human appearance suggests that each person is able to create a small universe within himself, distinguishing between good and evil, light and darkness, knowledge and ignorance.

Saint Paul's Cathedral

At the beginning of the 16th century, Michelangelo, as an architect, participated in the creation of the plan of St. Peter's Basilica, together with the architect Donato Bramante. But the latter disliked Buonarroti and constantly plotted against his opponent.

Forty years later, the construction completely passed into the hands of Michelangelo, who returned to Bramante's plan, rejecting the plan of Giuliano Sangallo (Giuliano da Sangallo). The maestro brought more monumentality to the old plan when he abandoned the complex division of space. He also increased the under-dome pylons and simplified the shape of the semi-dome. Thanks to innovations, the building acquired integrity, as if it had been carved from a single piece of matter.

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Paolina Chapel

Michelangelo was only able to start painting the “Paolina Chapel” (“Cappella Paolina”) in the Apostolic Palace only in 1542 at the age of 67. Long work on the frescoes of the Sistine Chapel greatly undermined his health, inhaled fumes of paint and plaster led to general weakness and heart disease. The paint spoiled his eyesight, the master hardly ate, did not sleep, and did not take off his boots for weeks. As a result, twice Buonarroti stopped work and returned to them again, creating two amazing frescoes.

"Conversion of the Apostle Paul" ("Conversione di Saulo") - the first fresco by Michelangelo in the "Paolina Chapel" measuring 6 m 25 cm by 6 m 62 cm, completed in 1545. The Apostle Paul was considered the patron saint of Pope Paul III (Paulus PP III) . The author depicted a moment from the Bible, which describes how the Lord himself appeared to Saul, turning the sinner into a preacher.

Crucifixion of Saint Peter

The fresco "The Crucifixion of St. Peter" ("Crocifissione di San Pietro") measuring 6 m 25 cm by 6 m 62 cm was completed by Michelangelo in 1550 and became the final painting of the artist. Saint Peter was sentenced to death (Nero), but the condemned wished to be crucified upside down, since he did not consider himself worthy to accept death like Christ.

Many artists, depicting this scene, faced misunderstanding. Michelangelo solved the problem by presenting the scene of the crucifixion before the erection of the cross.

Architecture

The second half of his life, Michelangelo increasingly began to turn to architecture. During the construction of architectural monuments, the maestro successfully destroyed the old canons, putting into his work all the knowledge and skills accumulated over the years.

In the "Basilica of St. Lawrence" ("Basilica di San Lorenzo") Michelangelo worked not only on the tombstones of the Medici. The church, built in 393 during the reconstruction in the XV century, was supplemented with the Old Sacristy according to the project (Filippo Brunelleschi).

Later, Michelangelo became the author of the project of the New Sacristy, attached to the other side of the church. In 1524, by order of Clement VII (Clemens PP. VII), the architect designed and built the building of the Laurenzian Library (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana) on the south side of the church. Complex stairs, floors and ceilings, windows and benches - every little thing was carefully thought out by the author.

"Porta Pia" - the gate in the northeast (Mura aureliane) in Rome on the ancient Nomentana road (Via Nomentana). Michelangelo made three projects, of which the customer Pope Pius IV (Pius PP. IV) approved the least expensive option, where the facade resembled a theater curtain.

The author did not live to see the end of the construction of the gate. After the gates were partially destroyed by lightning in 1851, Pope Pius IX (Pius PP. IX) ordered them to be reconstructed, changing the original appearance of the building.

The titular Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri (Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri) is located on the Roman (Piazza della Repubblica) and was built in honor of the Mother of God, the holy great martyrs and the angels of God. Pope Pius IV commissioned the development of the construction plan to Michelangelo in 1561. The author of the project did not live to see the completion of the work, which fell on 1566.

Poetry

For the last three decades of his life, Michelangelo was engaged not only in architecture, he wrote many madrigals and sonnets, which were not published during the author's lifetime. In poetry, he sang love, glorified harmony and described the tragedy of loneliness. For the first time, Buonarroti's poems were published in 1623. In total, about three hundred of his poems, a little less than 1,500 letters from personal correspondence and about three hundred pages of personal records have been preserved.

1. Michelangelo's talent was manifested in the fact that he saw his work even before they were created. The master personally selected pieces of marble for future sculptures and himself was engaged in their transportation to the workshop. He always kept and kept the raw blocks as ready-made masterpieces.
2. The future "David", which appeared before Michelangelo as a huge piece of marble, turned out to be the sculpture that the previous two masters had already abandoned. For 3 years, the maestro worked on a masterpiece, presenting the naked “David” to the public in 1504.
3. At the age of 17, Michelangelo quarreled with 20-year-old Pietro Torrigiano, also an artist, who managed to break his opponent's nose in a fight. Since then, in all the images of the sculptor, he is presented with a disfigured face.
4. "Pieta" in St. Peter's Basilica impresses the audience so much that it has been repeatedly attacked by individuals with an unstable psyche. In 1972, Australian geologist Laszlo Toth committed an act of vandalism by hitting the sculpture 15 times with a hammer. After that, "Pieta" was placed behind the glass.
5. The favorite sculptural composition of the author Pieta "Lamentation of Christ" was the only signed work. When the masterpiece was presented in St. Peter's Basilica, people began to speculate that its creator is Cristoforo Solari (Cristoforo Solari). Then Michelangelo, having made his way to the cathedral at night, knocked out on the folds of the clothes of the Mother of God "Michelangelo Buonarotti the Florentine sculpted", but later he regretted the pride shown, never again signing his works.
6. While working on The Last Judgment, the master accidentally fell from high scaffolding, severely injuring his leg. He saw this as a bad omen and did not want to work anymore. The artist locked himself in the room, not letting anyone in and deciding to die. But the famous doctor and friend of Michelangelo - Baccio Rontini (Baccio Rontini) wished to cure the wayward stubborn, and since the doors did not open in front of him, he made his way into the house through the cellar with great difficulty. The doctor forced Buonarroti to take medication and helped him recover.
7. The power of the master's art is only gaining strength over time. Over the past 4 years, more than a hundred people have sought medical help after visiting rooms with exhibited works by Michelangelo. Particularly impressive to the audience is the statue of the naked "David", in front of which people have repeatedly lost consciousness. They complained of disorientation, dizziness, apathy and nausea. Doctors at the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital call this emotional state "David's Syndrome."

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I would like you to read these words of Michelangelo at the very beginning. There is so much philosophical wisdom in them. He wrote this when he was already an old man.

"Alas! Alas! I am betrayed by the imperceptibly rushing days. I have waited too long ... time has flown by, and here I am an old man. Too late to repent, too late to think - death is at the threshold ... In vain I shed tears: what misfortune can be compared with the lost time...

Alas! Alas! I look back and can't find a day that belongs to me! Deceptive hopes and vainglorious desires prevented me from seeing the truth, now I understand it ... How many tears, torments, how many sighs of love, because not a single human passion remained alien to me.

Alas! Alas! I wander, not knowing where, and I'm scared. And if I am not mistaken - oh, God forbid that I am mistaken - I see, I clearly see, Creator, that eternal punishment is prepared for me, waiting for those who have done evil, knowing what is good. And now I don't know what to hope for .. "

Michelangello was born in 1475 in the small town of Caprese. His mother died early and his father gave him to be raised by a nurse family. it is so skillfully that it was difficult to distinguish from the original.

Thanks to this, he became famous and was accepted into the school organized by the Medici for the most talented children of Florence. In this school, he occupied a special position, thanks to his talent and was invited to live in the Medici palace. Here he gets acquainted with philosophy and literature.

Was he the greatest sculptor and painter, architect and poet.

He had a proud and implacable character, gloomy and stern, he embodied all the torments of a person-struggle, suffering, dissatisfaction, discord between the ideal and reality.

He was never married. He said:

Art is jealous and requires the whole person. I have a wife to whom I belong, and my children are my works"

His only love was Victoria Colonna, Marchioness of Pescara. She arrived in Rome in 1536. She was 47 years old, she was a widow. The Marchioness was a very educated woman for her time. lively conversations about contemporary events, science and art. Michelangelo was received here as a royal guest. At that time he was already 60 years old.

Most likely it was platonic love. Victoria was still devoted to her husband who died in battle, and she had only great friendship for Michelangelo.

The artist's biographer writes: "Especially great was the love that he had for the Marquise of Pescara. Until now, he keeps many of her letters, filled with the purest sweetest feeling ... He himself wrote many sonnets for her, talented and full of sweet longing.

For his part, he loved her so much that, as he said, one thing upset him: when he came to look at her already lifeless, he only kissed her hand, and not on her forehead or face. Because of this death, he remained confused for a long time and, as it were, distraught. "The closest person for him for many years was his servant Urbino. When the servant fell ill, he took care of him for a long time.

The last statue he worked on was Mary and Jesus, which he made for his tomb but never finished.

He died at the age of 89 in 1564 in Rome. But he was transported to Florence and buried in the church of Santa Croce.

Tombstone on the grave of Michelangelo.Florence.Church of Santa Croce.

On the tomb designed by Vasari - statues of the three muses - sculpture, painting and architecture

His testament was very short - "I give my soul to God, my body to the earth, and my property to my relatives."

Researchers write about the sonnets dedicated to Michelangelo Vittoria: “The deliberate, forced Platonism of their relationship aggravated and brought to crystallization the love-philosophical warehouse of Michelangelo’s poetry, which largely reflected the views and poetry of the Marquise herself, who played the role of Michelangelo’s spiritual leader during the 1530s . Their poetic "correspondence" aroused the attention of contemporaries; perhaps the most famous was sonnet 60, which became the subject of a special interpretation.

And the highest genius will not add
One thought to those that marble itself
Conceals in abundance - and only this to us
The hand, obedient to reason, will reveal.

Am I waiting for joy, is anxiety pressing my heart,
The wisest, kindest donna, to you
I owe everything to me, and heavy is my shame,
That my gift does not glorify you as it should.

Not the power of Love, not your beauty,
Or coldness, or anger, or oppression of contempt
In my misfortune they bear guilt, -

Then, that death is merged with mercy
In your heart - but my pathetic genius
Extract, loving, capable of death alone.

Michelangelo

THE MOST SIGNIFICANT WORKS OF THE GREAT GENIUS.

David. 1501-1504 Florence.

Pieta. Marble.! 488-1489. Vatican. St. Peter's Cathedral.

Last Judgment. Sistine Chapel. Vatican. 1535-1541

Fragment.

Ceiling in the Sistine Chapel.

Fragment of the ceiling.

Madonna Doni , 1507

Art has reached such perfection in it, which you will not find either among the ancients or modern people for many, many years.

His imagination was so and so perfect, and the things presented to him in the idea were such that it was impossible to carry out plans so great and amazing with his hands, and often he abandoned his creations, moreover, many destroyed; so, it is known that shortly before his death, he burned a large number of drawings, sketches and cardboards created by himself, so that no one could see the works he overcame, and the ways in which he tested his genius in order to show it only as perfect " .

— Giorgio Vasari, biographer.

Be sure to watch this video.

Romain Rolland ended Michelangelo's biography with these words:

“Great souls are like mountain peaks. Whirlwinds fall on them, clouds envelop them, but it is easier and more free to breathe there. Fresh and transparent air cleanses the heart of all filth, and when the clouds dissipate, boundless distances open from a height and you see all of humanity.

Such is the gigantic mountain that rose above Italy of the Renaissance and with its broken peak went under the clouds..

This material was prepared with great love for the great master, sculptor, artist, poet and architect Michelangelo Buonarotti. I don’t know if I managed to convey this - you be the judge.

The Renaissance gave the world many talented artists and sculptors. But among them there are titans of the spirit who have reached unprecedented heights in various fields of activity. Michelangelo Buonarroti was such a genius. Whatever he did: sculpture, painting, architecture or poetry, in everything he showed himself as a highly gifted person. The works of Michelangelo are striking in their perfection. He followed the humanism of the Renaissance, endowing people with divine features.

Childhood and youth

The future genius of the Renaissance was born on March 6, 1475 in the town of Caprese, Casentino district. He was the second son of the podesta Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni and Francesca di Neri. The father gave the child to the nurse - the wife of a stonemason from Settignano. In total, 5 sons were born in the Buonarroti family. Unfortunately, Francesca died when Michelangelo was 6 years old. After 4 years, Lodovico married again Lucrezia Ubaldini. His meager income was barely enough to support a large family.

At the age of 10, Michelangelo was sent to the school of Francesco da Urbino in Florence. The father wanted his son to become a lawyer. However, young Buonarroti, instead of studying, ran to the church to copy the works of old masters. Lodovico often beat the negligent boy - in those days, painting was considered an unworthy occupation for the nobles, to whom Buonarroti considered himself.

Michelangelo became friends with Francesco Granacci, who studied at the studio of the famous painter Domenico Ghirlandaio. Granacci secretly carried the master's drawings, and Michelangelo could practice painting.

In the end, Lodovico Buonarroti resigned himself to the calling of his son and at the age of 14 he sent him to study at the workshop of Ghirlandaio. Under the contract, the boy had to study for 3 years, but a year later he left his teacher.

Domenico Ghirlandaio Self Portrait

The ruler of Florence, Lorenzo Medici, decided to establish an art school at his court and asked Ghirlandaio to send him several gifted students. Among them was Michelangelo.

At the court of Lorenzo the Magnificent

Lorenzo Medici was a great connoisseur and admirer of art. He patronized many painters and sculptors and was able to amass an excellent collection of their work. Lorenzo was a humanist, philosopher, poet. Botticelli and Leonardo da Vinci worked at his court.

The sculptor Bertoldo di Giovanni, a student of Donatello, became the mentor of the young Michelangelo. Michelangelo enthusiastically began to study sculpture and proved to be a talented student. The young man's father was against such activities: he considered being a stonemason unworthy for his son. Only Lorenzo the Magnificent himself was able to convince the old man by talking with him personally and promising a monetary position.

At the Medici court, Michelangelo studied not only sculpture. He could communicate with prominent thinkers of his time: Marselio Ficino, Poliziano, Pico della Mirandola. The Platonic worldview that reigned at the court, and humanism will have a great influence on the work of the future titan of the Renaissance.

Early work

Michelangelo studied sculpture on antique samples, and painting - copying the frescoes of famous masters in the churches of Florence. The talent of the young man has already manifested itself in his early works. The most famous of them are the reliefs of the Battle of the Centaurs and the Madonna at the stairs.

The battle of the centaurs is striking in its dynamism and energy of battle. This is a collection of naked bodies, heated by the fight and the proximity of death. In this work, Michelangelo takes antique bas-reliefs as a model, but his centaurs are something more. It is rage, pain and a frantic desire for victory.

The Madonna at the Staircase differs in execution and mood. It looks like a drawing in stone. Smooth lines, many folds and the look of the Virgin, looking into the distance, and full of pain. She hugs a sleeping baby to her and thinks about what awaits him in the future.

Already in these early works, the genius of Michelangelo is visible. He does not blindly copy the old masters, but tries to find his own, special way.

Troubled times

After the death of Lorenzo de' Medici in 1492, Michelangelo returned to native home. The eldest son of Lorenzo Piero became the ruler of Florence, who will be given the "speaking" nicknames Stupid and Unlucky.

Michelangelo understood that he needed a deep knowledge of the anatomy of the human body. They could only be obtained by opening corpses. At that time, such activities were comparable to witchcraft and could be punished by execution. Fortunately, the abbot of the monastery of San Spirito agreed to secretly let the artist into the dead room. In gratitude, Michelangelo made a wooden statue of the crucified Christ for the monastery.

Piero Medici again invited Michelangelo to the court. One of the orders of the new ruler was the manufacture of a giant from snow. This, no doubt, was humiliating for the great sculptor

Meanwhile, the situation in the city was heating up. The monk Savonarola, who arrived in Florence, castigated luxury, art, and the carefree life of aristocrats as grave sins in his sermons. He had more and more followers, and soon refined Florence turned into a stronghold of fanaticism with bonfires where luxury items burned. Piero Medici fled to Bologna, the French king Charles VIII was preparing to attack the city.

During these turbulent times, Michelangelo and his friends left Florence. He went to Venice and then to Bologna.

In Bologna

In Bologna, Michelangelo had a new patron who appreciated his talent. It was Gianfrancesco Aldovrandi, one of the rulers of the city.

Here Michelangelo got acquainted with the works famous sculptor Jacopo della Quercia. He spent a lot of time reading Dante and Petrarch.

On the recommendation of Aldovrandi, the City Council ordered three statues from the young sculptor for the tomb of St. Dominic: St. Petronius, a kneeling angel with a candlestick, and St. Proclus. The statues fit perfectly into the composition of the tomb. They were made with great skill. The angel with the candelabra has the divinely beautiful face of an antique statue. Short curly hair curls on the head. He has the strong body of a warrior hidden in the folds of his clothes.

Saint Petronius, the patron saint of the city, holds a model of the city in his hands. He is wearing episcopal robes. Saint Proclus, frowning, looks ahead, his figure is full of movement and protest. It is believed that this is a self-portrait of a young Michelangelo.

This order was desired by many masters of Bologna, and Michelangelo soon learned that an attack was being prepared on him. This forced him to leave Bologna, where he stayed for a year.

Florence and Rome

Returning to Florence, Michelangelo received an order from Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco Medici for a statue of John the Baptist, later lost.

In addition, Buonarroti sculpted the figure of a sleeping cupid in antique style. Having aged it, Mkelangelo sent the statue with an intermediary to Rome. There it was acquired by Cardinal Rafael Riario as an ancient Roman sculpture. The cardinal considered himself a connoisseur of ancient art. All the more he was outraged when the deception was revealed. Having learned who the author of Cupid was and admiring his talent, the cardinal invited the young sculptor to Rome. Michelangelo, on reflection, agreed. Riario returned his money spent on the statue. But the cunning intermediary refused to sell it back to Michelangelo, realizing that he could sell it again at a higher price. Later, the traces of the Sleeping Cupid were lost for centuries.

Bacchus

Riario invited Michelangelo to live with him and promised to provide work. In Rome, Michelangelo studied ancient sculpture and architecture. He received his first serious order from the cardinal in 1497. It was a statue of Bacchus. Michelangelo finished it in 1499. The image of the ancient god was not entirely canonical. Michelangelo realistically depicted an intoxicated Bacchus, who, swaying, stands with a cup of wine in his hand. Riario refused the sculpture, and the Roman banker Jacopo Gallo bought it. Later, the statue was acquired by the Medici and taken to Florence.

Pieta

Under the patronage of Jacopo Gallo, Michelangelo received an order from the French ambassador to the Vatican, Abbot Jean Biler. The Frenchman commissioned a sculpture for his tomb called Pieta depicting the Mother of God mourning the dead Jesus. In two years, Michelangelo created a masterpiece. He set himself a difficult task, with which he coped perfectly: to place the body of a dead man on the lap of a fragile woman. Mary is full of sorrow and divine love. Her youthful face is beautiful, although she must have been around 50 at the time of her son's death. The artist explained this by the virginity of Mary and the touch of the Holy Spirit. The naked body of Jesus is a contrast with the Mother of God in magnificent draperies. His face is calm, despite the suffering. Pieta is the only work where Michelangelo left his autograph. Hearing how a group of people argue about the authorship of the statue, at night he engraved his name on the baldric of the Virgin. Now Pieta is in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, where it was moved in the 18th century.

David

Having become a famous sculptor at the age of 26, Michelangelo returned to his native city. In Florence, a piece of marble had been waiting for him for 40 years, spoiled by the sculptor Agostino di Ducci, who abandoned work on it. Many masters wanted to work with this block, but the crack formed in the layers of marble scared everyone away. Only Michelangelo dared to accept the challenge. He signed a contract for a statue of the Old Testament King David in 1501 and worked on it for 5 years behind a high fence that hides everything from prying eyes. As a result, Michelangelo created David in the form of a strong young man before the battle with the giant Goliath. His face is concentrated, eyebrows are shifted. The body is tense with anticipation of the fight. The statue was so perfectly made that the customers abandoned the original intention to place it at the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore. She became a symbol of the love of freedom of Florence, which expelled the Medici clan and entered into a struggle with Rome. As a result, she was placed at the walls of the Palazzo Vecchio, where she stood until the 19th century. Now there is a copy of David, and the original has been moved to the Academy of Fine Arts.

Confrontation of two titans

It is known that Michelangelo had a complex character. He could be rude and quick-tempered, unfair to fellow artists. His confrontation with Leonardo da Vinci is famous. Michelangelo perfectly understood the level of his talent and treated him zealously. The graceful, refined Leonardo was his complete opposite, and greatly annoyed the rough, uncouth sculptor. Michelangelo himself led the ascetic life of a hermit, he was always content with little. Leonardo, on the other hand, was constantly surrounded by admirers and students and loved luxury. One thing united the artists: their great genius and devotion to art.

Once upon a time, life brought two titans of the Renaissance together in a confrontation. Gonfolanier Soderini invited Leonardo da Vinci to paint the wall of the new Signoria Palace. And later, with the same proposal, he turned to Michelangelo. Two great artists were to create authentic masterpieces on the walls of the Signoria. Leonardo chose the battle of Anghiari for the plot. Michelangelo was supposed to depict the battle of Kashin. These were the victories won by the Florentines. Both artists created preparatory cardboards for frescoes. Unfortunately, Soderini's grandiose plan did not materialize. Both works were never created. Cardboards of works were put on public display and became a place of pilgrimage for artists. Thanks to copies, we now know what the designs of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo looked like. The cardboard itself did not survive, they were cut and pulled to pieces by artists and onlookers.

Tomb of Julius II

In the midst of work on the Battle of Cascine, Michelangelo was summoned to Rome by Pope Julius II. The Pope entrusted him with the work on his tombstone. Initially, a luxurious tomb was planned, surrounded by 40 statues, which was not equal. However, this grandiose plan was never destined to come true, although the artist spent 40 years of his life on the tomb of Pope Julius II. After the death of the pope, his relatives greatly simplified the original project. Michelangelo carved for the tombstone the figures of Moses, Rachel and Leah. He also created figures of slaves, but they were not included in the final project and were donated by the author Roberto Strozzi. This order hung like a heavy stone on the sculptor for half of his life in the form of an unfulfilled obligation. Most of all, he resented the departure from the original project. This meant that many forces were wasted by the artist.

The Sistine Chapel

In 1508, Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Buonarroti reluctantly accepted this order. He was first and foremost a sculptor; he had never painted frescoes before. The painting of the plafond was a grand front of work that lasted until 1512.

Michelangelo had to design a new type of scaffolding to work under the ceiling and invent a new plaster composition that was not susceptible to mold. The artist painted while standing with his head thrown back for many hours. Paint dripped onto his face, and he developed osteoarthritis and visual impairment due to these conditions. The artist depicted in 9 frescoes the history of the Old Testament from the creation of the world to the Great Flood. On the side walls, he painted the prophets and ancestors of Jesus Christ. Often Michelangelo had to improvise, as Julius II was in a hurry to finish the work. The Pope was pleased with the result, although he believed that the fresco was not luxurious enough and looked poor due to the small amount of gilding. Michelangelo objected to this by portraying the saints, and they were not rich.

Last Judgment

After 25 years, Michelangelo returned to the Sistine Chapel to paint the Last Judgment fresco on the altar wall. The artist depicted the second coming of Christ and the Apocalypse. It is believed that this work marked the end of the Renaissance.

The fresco made a splash in Roman society. There were both admirers and critics of the creation of the great artist. The abundance of naked bodies in the fresco caused fierce controversy even during the life of Michelangelo. Church leaders were outraged by the fact that the saints were shown in an "obscene form." Subsequently, several edits were made: clothes and fabric covering intimate places were added to the figures. Caused many questions and the image of Christ, rather similar to the pagan Apollo. Some critics even suggested destroying the fresco as contrary to Christian canons. Thank God, it didn’t come to this, and we can see this grandiose creation of Michelangelo, albeit in a distorted form.

Architecture and poetry

Michelangelo was not only a brilliant sculptor and artist. He was also a poet and architect. Of his architectural projects, the most famous are: St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome, the Farnese Palace, the facade of the Medici Church of San Lorenzo, the Laurenzin Library. In total, there are 15 buildings or structures where Michelangelo worked as an architect.

Michelangelo wrote poetry all his life. His youthful opuses have not come down to us, because the author burned them in a fit of anger. About 300 of his sonnets and madrigals have survived. They are considered a model of Renaissance poetry, although they can hardly be called ideal. Michelangelo sings in them the perfection of man and laments his loneliness and disappointment in modern society. His poems were first published after the death of the author in 1623.

Personal life

Michelangelo devoted his entire life to art. He never married, he had no children. He lived ascetically. Carried away by work, he could eat nothing but a crust of bread and sleep in clothes so as not to waste energy on changing clothes. The artist did not develop relations with women. Some researchers suggest that Michelangelo had intimate relationships with his students and sitters, but there is no reliable information about this.

Tommaso Cavalieri

It is known about his close friendship with the Roman nobleman Tommaso Cavalieri. Tommaso was the son of an artist and very handsome. Michelangelo dedicated many sonnets and letters to him, speaking openly about his passionate feelings and admiring the virtues of the young man. However, it is impossible to judge an artist by today's standards. Michelangelo was a fan of Plato and his theory of love, which taught to see beauty not so much in the body as in the human soul. Plato considered the highest stage of love to be the contemplation of beauty in everything around. Love for another soul, according to Plato, brings one closer to Divine love. Tommaso Cavalieri maintained friendly relations with the artist until his death and became his executor. At the age of 38 he married, his son became a famous composer.

Vittoria Colonna

Another example of Platonic love is Michelangelo's relationship with the Roman aristocrat Vittoria Colonna. The meeting with this outstanding woman took place in 1536. She was 47 years old, he was over 60. Vittoria belonged to a noble family, bore the title of Princess of Urbino. Her husband was the Marquis de Pescara, a famous military leader. After his death in 1525, Vittoria Colonna no longer sought to marry and lived in solitude, devoting herself to poetry and religion. She had a platonic relationship with Michelangelo. It was a great friendship between two already middle-aged people who had seen a lot in their lives. They wrote each other letters, poems, spent time in long conversations. The death of Vittoria in 1547 deeply shocked Michelangelo. He plunged into depression, Rome disgusted him.

Frescoes in the Paolina Chapel

One of the last works of Michelangelo were the frescoes in the Paolina Chapel of the Conversion of St. Paul and the Crucifixion of St. old age he wrote with great difficulty. Frescoes amaze with their emotional power and harmony of composition.

In the depiction of the apostles, Michelangelo violated the generally accepted tradition. Peter expresses his protest and struggle, being nailed to the cross. And Michelangelo depicted Paul as an old man, although the conversion of the future apostle took place in young age. Thus, the artist compared him with Pope Paul III - the customer of the frescoes.

Death of a genius

Before his death, Michelangelo burned many of his drawings and poems. The great master died on February 18, 1564 at the age of 88 from an illness. His death was attended by a doctor, a notary and friends, including Tommaso Cavalieri. The heir to the property, namely 9,000 ducats, drawings and unfinished statues, was Michelangelo's nephew Leonardo.

Where is Michelangelo Buonarroti buried?

Michelangelo wanted to be buried in Florence. But in Rome, everything was already prepared for a luxurious funeral rite. Leonardo Buonarroti had to steal his uncle's body and secretly take it to his hometown. There Michelangelo was solemnly buried in the church of Santa Croce next to other great Florentines. The tomb was designed by Giorgio Vasari.

Michelangelo was a rebellious spirit, glorifying the divine in man. The value of his legacy is difficult to overestimate. He was not just a representative of the Italian Renaissance, he became a huge part of world art. Michelangelo Buonarroti is now one of the greatest geniuses of mankind and always will be.

Who is Michelangelo, one way or another, everyone knows. The Sistine Chapel, David, Pieta - this is what this Renaissance genius is strongly associated with. Meanwhile, dig a little deeper, and the majority is unlikely to be able to clearly answer what else the wayward Italian was remembered for by the world. Expanding the boundaries of knowledge.

Michelangelo made money by fakes

It is known that Michelangelo began with sculptural falsifications, which brought him a lot of money. The artist bought marble in huge quantities, but no one saw the results of his work (it is logical that the authorship had to be hidden). The most notorious of his forgeries may be the Laocoön and his Sons sculpture, which is now attributed to three Rhodian sculptors. The suggestion that this work may be a fake of Michelangelo was made in 2005 by researcher Lynn Catterson, who refers to the fact that Michelangelo was among the first to be at the discovery site and was one of those who identified the sculpture.

Michelangelo studied the dead

Michelangelo is known as an excellent sculptor who was able to recreate the human body in marble in great detail. Such painstaking work required an impeccable knowledge of anatomy, meanwhile, at the beginning of his career, Michelangelo had no idea about how the human body is worth. To fill in the missing knowledge, Michelangelo spent a lot of time in the monastery mortuary, where he examined dead people, trying to understand all the subtleties of the human body.

Sketch for the Sistine Chapel (16th century).

Zenobia (1533)

Michelangelo hated painting

They say that Michelangelo sincerely disliked painting, which, in his opinion, was significantly inferior to sculpture. He called painting landscapes and still lifes a waste of time, considering them "useless pictures for ladies."

Michelangelo's teacher broke his nose out of jealousy

As a teenager, Michelangelo was sent to study at the school of the sculptor Bertoldo di Giovanni, which existed under the patronage of Lorenzo de' Medici. The young talent showed great zeal and diligence in his studies and quickly achieved not only success in the school field, but also won the patronage of the Medici. Incredible successes, attention from influential people and, apparently, a sharp tongue led to the fact that Michelangelo made many enemies at school, including among teachers. So, according to the work of Giorgio Vasari, the Italian Renaissance sculptor and one of Michelangelo's teachers, Pietro Torrigiano, out of envy of his student's talent, broke his nose.

Michelangelo was seriously ill

Michelangelo's letter to his father (June, 1508).

For the last 15 years of his life, Michelangelo suffered from osteoarthritis, a disease that causes joint deformity and pain in the limbs. Work helped him not to completely lose his ability to work. It is believed that the first symptoms appeared during the work on the Florentine Pieta.

Also, many researchers of the work and life of the great sculptor claim that Michelangelo suffered from depression and dizziness, which could appear as a result of working with dyes and solvents, which caused poisoning of the body and all further accompanying symptoms.

Michelangelo's secret self-portraits

Michelangelo rarely signed his work and never left behind a formal self-portrait. However, he still managed to capture his face in some pictures and sculptures. The most famous of these secret self-portraits is part of the Last Judgment fresco, which you can find in the Sistine Chapel. It depicts Saint Bartholomew holding a flayed piece of skin representing the face of none other than Michelangelo.

Portrait of Michelangelo by the Italian artist Jacopino del Conte (1535)

Drawing from an Italian art book (1895).

Michelangelo was a poet

We know Michelangelo as a sculptor and artist, and he was also an accomplished poet. In his portfolio you can find hundreds of madrigals and sonnets that were not published during his lifetime. However, despite the fact that contemporaries could not appreciate the poetic talent of Michelangelo, many years later his work found its listener, so in Rome in the 16th century the poetry of the sculptor was extremely popular, especially among singers who re-arranged poems about mental wounds and physical disabilities. to music.

Major works of Michelangelo

There are few works of art in the world that could arouse so much admiration as these works of the great Italian master. We offer you to look at some of the most famous works of Michelangelo and feel their greatness.

Battle of the centaurs, 1492

Pieta, 1499

David, 1501-1504

David, 1501-1504