Mommy, I'm going to die soon...
- Why such thoughts... after all, you are young, strong...
- But Lermontov died at 26, Pushkin - at 37, Yesenin - at 30...
- But you’re not Pushkin or Yesenin!
- No, but still..

Vladimir Semenovich’s mother recalled that she had such a conversation with her son. For Vysotsky, early death was something of a test of the “realness” of the poet. However, I cannot be sure of this. I'll tell you about myself. Since childhood, I “knew for sure” that I would become a poet (of course, a great one) and die early. I won’t live to see thirty, or at least forty. Can a poet live longer?

In biographies of writers, I always paid attention to the years of life. I calculated at what age the person died. I tried to understand why this happened. I think a lot of people who write do this. I don't hope to figure out why early deaths, but I’ll try to collect materials, collect existing theories and dream up - I’m unlikely to be a scientist - my own.

First of all, I collected information about how Russian writers died. I entered the age at the time of death and the cause of death into the table. I tried not to analyze it, just enter the data into the required columns. I looked at the result - it was interesting. Prose writers of the 20th century, for example, often died from cancer (the leader was lung cancer). But in the world in general - according to WHO - among oncological diseases, lung cancer is the most common and cause of death. So is there a connection?

I can’t decide whether it’s necessary to look for “writing” diseases, but I feel that there is some sense in this search.

Russian prose writers of the 19th century

Name	Years of life	Age at death	Cause of death
Herzen Alexander Ivanovich	March 25 (April 6), 1812 - January 9 (21), 1870	57 years old	pneumonia
Gogol Nikolay Vasilievich	March 20 (April 1) 1809 - February 21(March 4) 1852	42 years old	acute cardiovascular failure (conditionally, because there is no consensus)
Leskov Nikolay Semenovich	4 (February 16) 1831 - February 21(March 5) 1895	64 years old	asthma
Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich	6 (18) June 1812 - 15 (27) September 1891	79 years old	pneumonia
Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich	October 30 (November 11) 1821 - January 28 (February 9) 1881	59 years old	pulmonary artery rupture (progressive lung disease, throat bleeding)
Pisemsky Alexey Feofilaktovich	March 11 (23), 1821 - January 21 (February 2), 1881	59 years old
Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich	January 15 (27), 1826 - April 28 (May 10), 1889	63 years old	cold
Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich	August 28 (September 9), 1828 - November 7 (20), 1910	82 years old	pneumonia
Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich	October 28 (November 9) 1818 - August 22 (September 3) 1883	64 years old	malignant tumor of the spine
Odoevsky Vladimir Fedorovich	1 (13) August 1804 - 27 February (11 March) 1869	64 years old
Mamin-Sibiryak Dmitry Narkisovich	October 25 (November 6), 1852 - November 2 (15), 1912	60 years old	pleurisy
Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich	July 12 (24), 1828 - October 17 (29), 1889	61 years old	cerebral hemorrhage

The average life expectancy of Russian people in the 19th century was about 34 years. But these data do not provide an idea of ​​how long the average adult lived to live, since the statistics are heavily influenced by high infant mortality.

Russian poets of the 19th century

Name	Years of life	Age at death	Cause of death
Baratynsky Evgeniy Abramovich	February 19 (March 2) or March 7 (March 19) 1800 - June 29 (July 11) 1844	44 years old	fever
Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich	10 (21) June 1797 - 11 (23) August 1846	49 years old	consumption
Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich	October 3 (October 15) 1814 - July 15 (July 27) 1841	26 years old	duel (shot in the chest)
Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich	May 26 (June 6) 1799 - January 29 (February 10) 1837	37 years old	duel (stomach wound)
Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich	November 23 (December 5), 1803 - July 15 (27), 1873	69 years old	stroke
Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich	August 24 (September 5) 1817 - September 28 (October 10) 1875	58 years old	overdose (injected a mistakenly large dose of morphine)
Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich	November 23 (December 5) 1820 - November 21 (December 3) 1892	71 years old	heart attack (there is a version of suicide)
Shevchenko Taras Grigorievich	February 25 (March 9) 1814 - February 26 (March 10) 1861	47 years old	dropsy (accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity)

In 19th-century Russia, poets died differently from prose writers. The latter often died from pneumonia, but among the former, no one died from this disease. Yes, poets have left before. Of the prose writers, only Gogol died at 42, the rest much later. And of the lyricists, it is rare who lived to be 50 (the longest-liver is Fet).

Russian prose writers of the 20th century

Name	Years of life	Age at death	Cause of death
Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich	February 29, 1920 – May 14, 1983	63 years old	heart failure (died in the recovery room)
Averchenko Arkady Timofeevich	March 18 (30), 1881 - March 12, 1925	43 years old	weakening of the heart muscle, enlargement of the aorta and renal sclerosis
Aitmatov Chingiz Torekulovich	December 12, 1928 - June 10, 2008	79 years old	renal failure
Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich	9 (21) August 1871 - 12 September 1919	48 years old	heart defect
Babel Isaac Emmanuilovich	June 30 (July 12) 1894 – January 27, 1940	45 years old	execution
Bulgakov Mikhail Afanasyevich	May 3 (May 15) 1891 – March 10, 1940	48 years old	nephrosclerosis hypertensive
Bunin Ivan	October 10 (22), 1870 - November 8, 1953	83 years old	died in his sleep
Kir Bulychev	October 18, 1934 - September 5, 2003	68 years old	oncology
Bykov Vasil Vladimirovich	June 19, 1924 - June 22, 2003	79 years old	oncology
Vorobyov Konstantin Dmitrievich	September 24, 1919 - March 2, 1975)	55 years old	oncology (brain tumor)
Gazdanov Gaito	November 23 (December 6) 1903 - December 5, 1971	67 years old	oncology (lung cancer)
Gaidar Arkady Petrovich	January 9 (22), 1904 - October 26, 1941	37 years old	shot (killed during the war by machine gun fire)
Maxim Gorky	March 16 (28), 1868 - June 18, 1936	68 years old	cold (there is a version of murder - poisoning)
Zhitkov Boris Stepanovich	August 30 (September 11) 1882 – October 19, 1938	56 years old	oncology (lung cancer)
Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich	August 26 (September 7) 1870 – August 25, 1938	67 years old	oncology (tongue cancer)
Nabokov Vladimir Vladimirovich	April 10 (22), 1899 - July 2, 1977	78 years old	bronchial infection
Nekrasov Viktor Platonovich	4 (17) June 1911 - 3 September 1987	76 years old	oncology (lung cancer)
Pilnyak Boris Andreevich	September 29 (October 11) 1894 – April 21, 1938	43 years old	execution
Andrey Platonov	September 1, 1899 – January 5, 1951	51 years old	tuberculosis
Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich	December 11, 1918 - August 3, 2008	89 years old	acute heart failure
Strugatsky Boris Natanovich	April 15, 1933 - November 19, 2012	79 years old	oncology (lymphoma)
Strugatsky Arkady Natanovich	August 28, 1925 – October 12, 1991	66 years old	oncology (liver cancer)
Tendryakov Vladimir Fedorovich	December 5, 1923 - August 3, 1984	60 years old	stroke
Fadeev Alexander Alexandrovich	December 11 (24), 1901 - May 13, 1956	54 years old	suicide (shot)
Kharms Daniil Ivanovich	December 30, 1905 – February 2, 1942	36 years old	exhaustion (during the siege of Leningrad; escaped execution)
Shalamov Varlam Tikhonovich	June 5 (June 18) 1907 - January 17, 1982	74 years old	pneumonia
Shmelev Ivan Sergeevich	September 21 (October 3) 1873 - June 24, 1950	76 years old	heart attack
Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich	May 11 (24), 1905 - February 21, 1984	78 years old	oncology (larynx cancer)
Shukshin Vasily Makarovich	July 25, 1929 – October 2, 1974	45 years old	heart failure

There are theories according to which diseases can be caused by psychological reasons (some esotericists believe that any disease is caused by spiritual or mental problems). This topic has not yet been sufficiently developed by science, but there are many books in stores like “All Diseases from Nerves.” For lack of anything better, let's resort to popular psychology.

Russian poets of the 20th century

Name	Years of life	Age at death	Cause of death
Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich	August 20 (September 1) 1855 - November 30 (December 13) 1909	54 years old	heart attack
Akhmatova Anna Andreevna	June 11 (23), 1889 - March 5, 1966	76 years old	[Anna Akhmatova was in the hospital for several months after a heart attack. After being discharged, she went to a sanatorium, where she died.]
Andrey Bely	October 14 (26), 1880 - January 8, 1934	53 years old	stroke (after sunstroke)
Bagritsky Eduard Georgievich	October 22 (November 3) 1895 – February 16, 1934	38 years old	bronchial asthma
Balmont Konstantin Dmitrievich	June 3 (15), 1867 - December 23, 1942	75 years old	pneumonia
Brodsky Joseph Alexandrovich	May 24, 1940 – January 28, 1996	55 years old	heart attack
Bryusov Valery Yakovlevich	December 1 (13), 1873 - October 9, 1924	50 years	pneumonia
Voznesensky Andrey Andreevich	May 12, 1933 - June 1, 2010	77 years old	stroke
Yesenin Sergey Alexandrovich	September 21 (October 3) 1895 – December 28, 1925	30 years old	suicide (hanging), there is a version of murder
Ivanov Georgy Vladimirovich	October 29 (November 10) 1894 – August 26, 1958	63 years old
Gippius Zinaida Nikolaevna	November 8 (20), 1869 - September 9, 1945	75 years old
Blok Alexander Alexandrovich	November 16 (28), 1880 - August 7, 1921	40 years old	inflammation of the heart valves
Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich	April 3 (15), 1886 - August 26, 1921	35 years old	execution
Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich	July 7 (19), 1893 - April 14, 1930	36 years old	suicide (shot)
Mandelstam Osip Emilievich	January 3 (15), 1891 - December 27, 1938	47 years old	typhus
Merezhkovsky Dmitry Sergeevich	August 2, 1865 (or August 14, 1866) - December 9, 1941	75 (76) years	cerebral hemorrhage
Pasternak Boris Leonidovich	January 29 (February 10) 1890 – May 30, 1960	70 years old	oncology (lung cancer)
Slutsky Boris Abramovich	May 7, 1919 – February 23, 1986	66 years old
Tarkovsky Arseny Alexandrovich	June 12 (25), 1907 - May 27, 1989	81 years old	oncology
Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna	September 26 (October 8) 1892 - August 31, 1941	48 years old	suicide (hanging)
Khlebnikov Velimir	October 28 (November 9) 1885 - June 28, 1922	36 years old	gangrene

Cancer associated with a feeling of resentment, a deep mental wound, a feeling of the futility of one’s actions, one’s own uselessness. Lungs symbolize freedom, willingness and ability to accept and give. The twentieth century in Russia, many writers were “suffocating”, were forced to remain silent or not say everything they considered necessary. The cause of cancer is also called disappointment in life.

Heart disease are caused by overwork, prolonged stress, and the belief in the need for tension.

A cold People who have too many events going on in their lives at the same time get sick. Pneumonia (pneumonia) - desperate.

Throat diseases - creative impotence, crisis. Also, the inability to stand up for oneself.

Slide 1


Writers and poets of the 19th century 1. Aksakov S.T. 2. Ershov P.P. 3. Zhukovsky V.A. 4. Koltsov A.V. 5. Krylov I.A. 6. Lermontov M.Yu. 7. Marshak S.Ya. 8. Nekrasov N.A. 9. Nikitin I.S. 10. Prishvin M.M. 11. Pushkin A.S. 12. Tolstoy L.N. 13. Tolstoy A.K. 14. Tyutchev F.I. 15. Ushinsky K.D. 16. Fet A.A. 17. Chekhov A.P. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, teacher primary classes, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 2


Sergei Trofimovich Aksakov Famous Russian writer. Born into a noble family of the famous Shimon family. Love for nature - future writer inherited from his father. Peasant labor aroused in him not only compassion, but also respect. His book "Family Chronicle" was continued in "The Childhood Years of Bagrov's Grandson." Estate in Orenburg Museum Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 3


Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov Born on March 6, 1815 in the Tobolsk province into the family of an official. Russian poet, writer, playwright. He was the initiator of the creation of an amateur gymnasium theater. He worked as a director in the theatre. He wrote several plays for the theater: “Rural Holiday”, “Suvorov and the Station Agent”. Ershov became famous thanks to his fairy tale “ Little Humpbacked Horse» Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 4


Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky Born on January 29 in the village of Mishenskoye, Tula province. Father, Afanasy Ivanovich Bunin, landowner, owner of the village. Mishensky; mother, Turkish Salha, was taken to Russia among the prisoners. At the age of 14, he was taken to Moscow and sent to the Noble boarding school. I lived and studied there for 3 years. Studied Russian and foreign literature. In 1812 he was in Borodino and wrote about the heroes of the battle. His books: Little Thumb, There is no dearer sky, The Lark. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 5


Alexey Vasilievich Koltsov A.V. Koltsov is a Russian poet. Born on October 15, 1809 in Voronezh, into a merchant family. The father was a merchant. Alexey Koltsov delved into the various economic concerns of a villager from the inside: gardening and arable farming, cattle breeding and forestry. In the boy’s gifted, empathetic nature, such a life fostered a breadth of soul and versatility of interests, direct knowledge of village life, peasant labor and folk culture. From the age of nine, Koltsov studied reading and writing at home and showed such extraordinary abilities that in 1820 he was able to enter the district school, bypassing the parish school. Started writing at the age of 16. He wrote a lot about work, about land, about nature: Mower, Harvest, etc. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 6


Ivan Andreevich Krylov I.A. Krylov is a great fabulist. Born on February 2, 1769 in Moscow in the family of a poor army captain, who received the rank of officer only after thirteen years of military service. Krylov was 10 years old when his father died and he had to work. Russian writer, fabulist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In St. Petersburg, in the Summer Garden, there is a bronze monument where the fabulist is surrounded by animals. His works: Swan, Pike and Cancer. Siskin and Dove. Crow and Fox. antique book Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 7


Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region Born in Moscow in the family of captain Yuri Petrovich Lermontov and Maria Mikhailovna Lermontova, the only daughter and heiress of the Penza landowner E.A. Arsenyeva. Lermontov spent his childhood on Arsenyeva’s estate “Tarkhany” in the Penza province. The boy received a home education in the capital, and since childhood he was fluent in French and German languages. In the summer of 1825, my grandmother took Lermontov to the Caucasus; childhood impressions of the Caucasian nature and life of the mountain peoples remained in his early work. Then the family moves to Moscow and Lermontov is enrolled in the 4th grade of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, where he receives a liberal arts education.

Slide 8


Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak S.Ya. Marshak is a Russian poet. Born on October 22, 1887 in Voronezh in the family of a factory technician and a talented inventor. At the age of 4 he wrote poetry himself. Good translator English language, Russian poet. Marshak knew M. Gorky. Studied in England at the University of London. During the holidays, I traveled a lot on foot around England, listening to English folk songs. Even then he began working on translations of English works. , Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 9


Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet. He came from a noble, once rich family. Born on November 22, 1821 in Podolsk province. Nekrasov had 13 brothers and sisters. The poet spent his entire childhood and youth on Nekrasov’s family estate, the village of Greshneva, Yaroslavl province, on the banks of the Volga. He saw hard work people. They pulled barges across the water. He dedicated many poems to the lives of people in Tsarist Russia: Green noise, Nightingales, Peasant children, Grandfather Mazai and the hares, Motherland, etc.

Slide 10


Ivan Savvich Nikitin Russian poet, born in Voronezh into the family of a wealthy merchant, owner of a candle factory. Nikitin studied at a theological school and seminary. I dreamed of graduating from university, but my family went broke. Ivan Savvich continued his education himself. He composed poems: Rus', Morning, Meeting Winter, Swallow's Nest, Grandfather. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region Monument to Nikitin I.S.

Slide 11


Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was born on January 23, 1873 in the Oryol province near Yelets. Prishvin's father is from a native merchant family of the city of Yelets. Mikhail Mikhailovich is educated as an agronomist, writes scientific book about potatoes. Later he leaves for the North to collect folklore from folk life. He loved nature very much. He knew the life of the forest and its inhabitants well. He knew how to convey his feelings to readers. He wrote: Protecting nature means protecting the Motherland! His books: Guys and Ducklings, Pantry of the sun, Nature Calendar, etc. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 12


Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin Born on June 6, 1799 in Moscow. His father, Sergei Lvovich, came from a wealthy family, but little of his ancestors’ estates (in the Nizhny Novgorod province) reached Pushkin. Pushkin spent his childhood in Moscow, going for the summer to Zakharovo County, to his grandmother’s estate near Moscow. In addition to Alexander, the Pushkins had children eldest daughter Olga and youngest son Lev. Little Sasha grew up under the supervision of his nanny Arina Rodionovna. He loved nature and his homeland very much. He wrote many poems and fairy tales. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 13


Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich is a great Russian writer. He wrote the first ABC and four Russian reading books for children. IN Yasnaya Polyana opened a school and taught the children himself. He worked hard and loved work. He plowed the land himself, cut the grass, sewed boots, and built huts. His works: Stories about children, Kids, Filipok, Shark, Kitten, Lion and dog, Swans, Old grandfather and granddaughter. House in Yasnaya Polyana Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 14


Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region A.K. Tolstoy was born in St. Petersburg, and the childhood of the future poet was spent in Ukraine, on the estate of his uncle. While still a teenager, Tolstoy traveled abroad, to Germany and Italy. In 1834, Tolstoy was assigned as a “student” to the Moscow archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since 1837 he served in the Russian mission in Germany in 1840. received service in St. Petersburg at the royal court. In 1843 - the court rank of chamber cadet. During Tolstoy's lifetime, the only collection of his poems was published (1867). Poems: The last snow is melting, Cranes, Forest Lake, autumn, etc.

Slide 15


Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev Fyodor Ivanovich - Russian poet, diplomat. Born on November 23, 1803 in the Oryol province in the village of Ovstug. As a child, he was educated at home. His teacher was Semyon Egorovich Raich, who instilled a love of nature. At the age of 15, Fyodor Ivanovich was a student at Moscow University. I wrote a lot about Russian nature: Spring waters, Enchanting winter, I love thunderstorms in early May, Leaves, There are in the early autumn. On July 15, 1873, Tyutchev died in the Tsar’s village. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region Estate MuseumF. I. Tyutchev in the village of Ovstug.

Slide 16


Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky was born on February 19, 1824 in Tula in the family of Dmitry Grigorievich Ushinsky, a retired officer, a small nobleman. Konstantin Dmitrievich's mother, Lyubov Stepanovna, died when he was 12 years old. Konstantin Dmitrievich was a teacher, he created books himself. He called them "Children's World" and "Native Word". He taught me to love my native people and nature. His works: The Scientist Bear, Four Wishes, Geese and Cranes, Eagle, How a Shirt Grew in a Field. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 17


Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich - Russian lyric poet, translator. Born in the Novoselki estate, Oryol province. Since childhood I loved the poems of A.S. Pushkin. At the age of 14, he was taken to St. Petersburg to study. He showed his poems to Gogol. In 1840 the first book was published. His poems: A wonderful picture, The swallows are missing, Spring rain. For the last 19 years of his life he officially bore the surname Shenshin. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

Slide 18


Anton Pavlovich Chekhov Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is an outstanding Russian writer, playwright, and doctor by profession. Born on January 17, 1860 in Taganrog, Ekaterinoslav province. Early childhood Anton's life took place in endless church holidays and name days. On weekdays after school, he guarded his father’s shop, and at 5 am every day he got up to sing in the church choir. At first, Chekhov studied at a Greek school in Taganrog. At the age of 8, after two years of study, Chekhov entered the Taganrog gymnasium. In 1879 he graduated from high school in Taganrog. In the same year, he moved to Moscow and entered the medical faculty of Moscow University, where he studied with famous professors: Nikolai Sklifosovsky, Grigory Zakharyin and others. His works: White-fronted, Kashtanka, In Spring, Spring Waters, etc.

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The century before last became an interesting stage in the development of human history. The emergence of new technologies, faith in progress, the spread of enlightenment ideas, the development of new social relations, the emergence of a new bourgeois class, which became dominant in many European countries - all this was reflected in art. The literature of the 19th century reflected all the turning points in the development of society. All shocks and discoveries were reflected on the pages of novels by famous writers. Literature of the 19th century– multifaceted, varied and very interesting.

Literature of the 19th century as an indicator of social consciousness

The century began in the atmosphere of the Great french revolution, whose ideas captured all of Europe, America and Russia. Under the influence of these events, the greatest books of the 19th century appeared, a list of which you can find in this section. In Great Britain, with the coming to power of Queen Victoria, new era stability, which was accompanied by national growth, development of industry and art. Public peace has created best books 19th century, written in all kinds of genres. In France, on the contrary, there was a lot of revolutionary unrest, accompanied by a change in the political system and the development of social thought. Of course, this also influenced 19th century books. Literary age ended with an era of decadence, characterized by gloomy and mystical moods and a bohemian lifestyle of representatives of art. Thus, the literature of the 19th century presented works that everyone needs to read.

Books of the 19th century on the KnigoPoisk website

If you are interested in 19th century literature, the list of the KnigoPoisk website will help you find interesting novels. The rating is based on reviews from visitors to our resource. “Books of the 19th century” is a list that will not leave anyone indifferent.

Aksakov Ivan Sergeevich (1823-1886)- poet and publicist. One of the leaders of Russian Slavophiles.

Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich (1817-1860)– poet, literary critic, linguist, historian. The inspirer and ideologist of Slavophilism.

Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich (1791-1859) - writer and public figure, literary and theater critic. Wrote a book about fishing and hunting. Father of writers Konstantin and Ivan Aksakov. The most famous work: the fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower”.

Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich (1855-1909)– poet, playwright, literary critic, linguist, translator. Author of the plays: “King Ixion”, “Laodamia”, “Melanippe the Philosopher”, “Thamira the Kefared”.

Baratynsky Evgeniy Abramovich (1800-1844)- poet and translator. Author of the poems: “Eda”, “Feasts”, “Ball”, “Concubine” (“Gypsy”).

Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787-1855)– poet. Also the author of a number of famous prose articles: “On the character of Lomonosov”, “Evening at Kantemir’s” and others.

Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich (1811-1848)- literary critic. He headed the critical department in the publication Otechestvennye zapiski. Author of numerous critical articles. He had a huge influence on Russian literature.

Bestuzhev-Marlinsky Alexander Alexandrovich (1797-1837)- Byronist writer, literary critic. Published under the pseudonym Marlinsky. Published the almanac " North Star" He was one of the Decembrists. Author of prose: “Test”, “Terrible fortune-telling”, “Frigate Nadezhda” and others.

Vyazemsky Pyotr Andreevich (1792-1878)– poet, memoirist, historian, literary critic. One of the founders and first head of the Russian Historical Society. Close friend of Pushkin.

Venevetinov Dmitry Vladimirovich (1805-1827)- poet, prose writer, philosopher, translator, literary critic. Author of 50 poems. He was also known as an artist and musician. Organizer of the secret philosophical association “Society of Philosophy”.

Herzen Alexander Ivanovich (1812-1870)- writer, philosopher, teacher. The most famous works: novel “Who is to Blame?”, stories “Doctor Krupov”, “The Thieving Magpie”, “Damaged”.

Glinka Sergei Nikolaevich (1776-1847)– writer, memoirist, historian. The ideological inspirer of conservative nationalism. Author of the following works: “Selim and Roxana”, “The Virtues of Women” and others.

Glinka Fedor Nikolaevich (1876-1880)- poet and writer. Member of the Decembrist Society. The most famous works: the poems “Karelia” and “The Mysterious Drop”.

Gogol Nikolai Vasilievich (1809-1852)- writer, playwright, poet, literary critic. Classic of Russian literature. Author: " Dead souls”, the cycle of stories “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”, the stories “The Overcoat” and “Viy”, the plays “The Inspector General” and “Marriage” and many other works.

Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich (1812-1891)- writer, literary critic. Author of the novels: “Oblomov”, “Cliff”, “An Ordinary Story”.

Griboedov Alexander Sergeevich (1795-1829)- poet, playwright and composer. He was a diplomat and died in service in Persia. The most famous work is the poem “Woe from Wit,” which served as the source of many catchphrases.

Grigorovich Dmitry Vasilievich (1822-1900)- writer.

Davydov Denis Vasilievich (1784-1839)- poet, memoirist. Hero Patriotic War 1812. Author of numerous poems and war memoirs.

Dal Vladimir Ivanovich (1801-1872)– writer and ethnographer. Being a military doctor, he collected folklore along the way. The most famous literary work is “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language.” Dahl worked on the dictionary for more than 50 years.

Delvig Anton Antonovich (1798-1831)- poet, publisher.

Dobrolyubov Nikolai Alexandrovich (1836-1861)- literary critic and poet. He published under the pseudonyms -bov and N. Laibov. Author of numerous critical and philosophical articles.

Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich (1821-1881)- writer and philosopher. Recognized classic of Russian literature. Author of works: “The Brothers Karamazov”, “Idiot”, “Crime and Punishment”, “Teenager” and many others.

Zhemchuzhnikov Alexander Mikhailovich (1826-1896)

Zhemchuzhnikov Alexey Mikhailovich (1821-1908)- poet and satirist. Together with his brothers and the writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov. Author of the comedy “Strange Night” and the collection of poems “Songs of Old Age”.

Zhemchuzhnikov Vladimir Mikhailovich (1830-1884)– poet. Together with his brothers and the writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov.

Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich (1783-1852)- poet, literary critic, translator, founder of Russian romanticism.

Zagoskin Mikhail Nikolaevich (1789-1852)- writer and playwright. Author of the first Russian historical novels. Author of the works “The Prankster”, “Yuri Miloslavsky, or the Russians in 1612”, “Kulma Petrovich Miroshev” and others.

Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich (1766-1826)- historian, writer and poet. Author of the monumental work “History of the Russian State” in 12 volumes. His pen includes the stories: “ Poor Lisa", "Evgeniy and Yulia" and many others.

Kireevsky Ivan Vasilievich (1806-1856)– religious philosopher, literary critic, Slavophile.

Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769-1844)- poet and fabulist. Author of 236 fables, many of which became popular expressions. Published magazines: “Mail of Spirits”, “Spectator”, “Mercury”.

Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich (1797-1846)– poet. He was one of the Decembrists. Close friend of Pushkin. Author of works: “The Argives”, “The Death of Byron”, “The Eternal Jew”.

Lazhechnikov Ivan Ivanovich (1792-1869)- writer, one of the founders of the Russian historical novel. Author of the novels “The Ice House” and “Basurman”.

Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich (1814-1841)- poet, writer, playwright, artist. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: the novel “A Hero of Our Time”, the story “ Caucasian prisoner", poems "Mtsyri" and "Masquerade".

Leskov Nikolai Semenovich (1831-1895)- writer. The most famous works: “Lefty”, “The Cathedralians”, “On Knives”, “The Righteous”.

Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich (1821-1878)- poet and writer. Classic of Russian literature. Head of the Sovremennik magazine, editor of the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine. The most famous works: “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, “Russian Women”, “Frost, Red Nose”.

Ogarev Nikolai Platonovich (1813-1877)– poet. Author of poems, poems, critical articles.

Odoevsky Alexander Ivanovich (1802-1839)- poet and writer. He was one of the Decembrists. Author of the poem "Vasilko", the poems "Zosima" and "Elder Prophetess".

Odoevsky Vladimirovich Fedorovich (1804-1869)– writer, thinker, one of the founders of musicology. He wrote fantastic and utopian works. Author of the novel “Year 4338” and numerous short stories.

Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich (1823-1886)– playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author of plays: “The Thunderstorm”, “Dowry”, “The Marriage of Balzaminov” and many others.

Panaev Ivan Ivanovich (1812-1862)- writer, literary critic, journalist. Author of works: “Mama’s Boy”, “Meeting at the Station”, “Lions of the Province” and others.

Pisarev Dmitry Ivanovich (1840-1868)– literary critic of the sixties, translator. Many of Pisarev’s articles were dismantled into aphorisms.

Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich (1799-1837)- poet, writer, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author: poems “Poltava” and “Eugene Onegin”, stories “ Captain's daughter", a collection of stories "Belkin's Tales" and numerous poems. Founded the literary magazine Sovremennik.

Raevsky Vladimir Fedoseevich (1795-1872)– poet. Participant in the Patriotic War of 1812. He was one of the Decembrists.

Ryleev Kondraty Fedorovich (1795-1826) – poet. He was one of the Decembrists. Author of the historical poetic cycle "Dumas". Published the literary almanac "Polar Star".

Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Efgrafovich (1826-1889)- writer, journalist. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: “Lord Golovlevs”, “The Wise Minnow”, “Poshekhon Antiquity”. He was the editor of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.

Samarin Yuri Fedorovich (1819-1876)- publicist and philosopher.

Sukhovo-Kobylin Alexander Vasilievich (1817-1903)– playwright, philosopher, translator. Author of the plays: “Krechinsky’s Wedding”, “The Affair”, “The Death of Tarelkin”.

Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich (1817-1875)- writer, poet, playwright. Author of the poems: “The Sinner”, “The Alchemist”, the plays “Fantasy”, “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich”, the stories “The Ghoul” and “The Wolf’s Adoptive”. Together with the Zhemchuzhnikov brothers he created the image of Kozma Prutkov.

Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich (1828-1910)- writer, thinker, educator. Classic of Russian literature. Served in the artillery. Participated in the defense of Sevastopol. The most famous works: “War and Peace”, “Anna Karenina”, “Resurrection”. In 1901 he was excommunicated from the church.

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich (1818-1883)- writer, poet, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: “Mumu”, “Asya”, “ Noble nest", "Fathers and Sons".

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803-1873)– poet. Classic of Russian literature.

Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich (1820-1892)– lyric poet, memoirist, translator. Classic of Russian literature. Author of numerous romantic poems. Translated Juvenal, Goethe, Catullus.

Khomyakov Alexey Stepanovich (1804-1860)- poet, philosopher, theologian, artist.

Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich (1828-1889)- writer, philosopher, literary critic. Author of the novels “What to do?” and “Prologue”, as well as the stories “Alferyev”, “Small Stories”.

Chekhov Anton Pavlovich (1860-1904)- writer, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author of plays " Cherry Orchard", "Three Sisters", "Uncle Vanya" and numerous stories. Conducted a population census on Sakhalin Island.

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Presentation on the topic: Writers and poets of the 19th century

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Writers and poets of the 19th century 1. Aksakov S.T. 2. Ershov P.P. 3. Zhukovsky V.A. 4. Koltsov A.V. 5. Krylov I.A. 6. Lermontov M.Yu. 7. Marshak S.Ya. 8. Nekrasov N.A. 9. Nikitin I.S. 10. Prishvin M.M. 11. Pushkin A.S. 12. Tolstoy L.N. 13. Tolstoy A.K. 14. Tyutchev F.I. 15. Ushinsky K.D. 16. Fet A.A. 17. Chekhov A.P. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

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Sergei Trofimovich Aksakov Famous Russian writer. Born into a noble family of the famous Shimon family. The future writer inherited his love of nature from his father. Peasant labor aroused in him not only compassion, but also respect. His book "Family Chronicle" was continued in "The Childhood Years of Bagrov's Grandson."

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Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov Born on March 6, 1815 in the Tobolsk province into the family of an official. Russian poet, writer, playwright. He was the initiator of the creation of an amateur gymnasium theater. He worked as a director in the theatre. He wrote several plays for the theater: “Rural Holiday”, “Suvorov and the Station Agent”. Ershov became famous for his fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse”

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Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky Born on January 29 in the village of Mishenskoye, Tula province. Father, Afanasy Ivanovich Bunin, landowner, owner of the village. Mishensky; his mother, Turkish Salha, was taken to Russia as a prisoner. At the age of 14, she was taken to Moscow and sent to the Noble boarding school. I lived and studied there for 3 years. Studied Russian and foreign literature. In 1812 he was in Borodino and wrote about the heroes of the battle. His books: Little Thumb, There is no dearer sky, The Lark.

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Alexey Vasilievich Koltsov A.V. Koltsov is a Russian poet. Born on October 15, 1809 in Voronezh, into a merchant family. The father was a merchant. Alexey Koltsov delved into the various economic concerns of a villager from the inside: gardening and arable farming, cattle breeding and forestry. In the boy's gifted, empathetic nature, such a life fostered a breadth of soul and versatility of interests, direct knowledge of village life, peasant labor and folk culture. From the age of nine, Koltsov studied reading and writing at home and showed such extraordinary abilities that in 1820 he was able to enter the district school, bypassing the parish school. Started writing at the age of 16. He wrote a lot about work, about land, about nature: Mower, Harvest, etc.

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Ivan Andreevich Krylov I.A. Krylov is a great fabulist. Born on February 2, 1769 in Moscow in the family of a poor army captain, who received the rank of officer only after thirteen years of military service. Krylov was 10 years old when his father died and he had to work. Russian writer, fabulist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In St. Petersburg, in the Summer Garden, there is a bronze monument where the fabulist is surrounded by animals. His works: Swan, Pike and Cancer. Siskin and Dove. Crow and Fox.

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Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born in Moscow in the family of captain Yuri Petrovich Lermontov and Maria Mikhailovna Lermontova, the only daughter and heiress of the Penza landowner E.A. Arsenyeva. Lermontov spent his childhood on Arsenyeva’s estate “Tarkhany” in the Penza province. The boy received a home education in the capital, and since childhood he was fluent in French and German. In the summer of 1825, my grandmother took Lermontov to the Caucasus; childhood impressions of the Caucasian nature and life of the mountain peoples remained in his early work. Then the family moves to Moscow and Lermontov is enrolled in the 4th grade of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, where he receives a liberal arts education.

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Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak S.Ya. Marshak is a Russian poet. Born on October 22, 1887 in Voronezh in the family of a factory technician and a talented inventor. At the age of 4 he wrote poetry himself. A good translator from English, Russian poet. Marshak knew M. Gorky. Studied in England at the University of London. During the holidays, I traveled a lot on foot around England, listening to English folk songs. Even then he began working on translations of English works.

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Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet. He came from a noble, once rich family. Born on November 22, 1821 in Podolsk province. Nekrasov had 13 brothers and sisters. The poet spent his entire childhood and youth on Nekrasov’s family estate, the village of Greshneva, Yaroslavl province, on the banks of the Volga. He saw people's hard work. They pulled barges across the water. He dedicated many poems to the lives of people in Tsarist Russia: Green Noise, Nightingales, Peasant Children, Grandfather Mazai and the Hares, Motherland, etc.

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Ivan Savvich Nikitin Russian poet, born in Voronezh to the sons of a wealthy merchant, owner of a candle factory. Nikitin studied at a theological school and seminary. I dreamed of graduating from university, but my family went broke. Ivan Savvich continued his education himself. He composed poems: Rus', Morning, Meeting Winter, Swallow's Nest, Grandfather.

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Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was born on January 23, 1873 in the Oryol province near Yelets. Prishvin's father is from a native merchant family of the city of Yelets. Mikhail Mikhailovich is educated as an agronomist and writes a scientific book about potatoes. Later he leaves for the North to collect folklore from folk life. He loved nature very much. He knew the life of the forest and its inhabitants well. He knew how to convey his feelings to readers. He wrote: Protecting nature means protecting the Motherland! His books: Guys and Ducklings, Pantry of the Sun, Nature Calendar, etc.

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Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich is a great Russian writer. He wrote the first ABC and four Russian books for reading for children. He opened a school in Yasnaya Polyana and taught the children himself. He worked hard and loved work. He plowed the land himself, cut the grass, sewed boots, and built huts. His works: Stories about children, Kids, Filipok, Shark, Kitten, Lion and dog, Swans, Old grandfather and granddaughter.

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Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy A.K. Tolstoy was born in St. Petersburg, and the future poet spent his childhood in Ukraine, on the estate of his uncle. While still a teenager, Tolstoy traveled abroad, to Germany and Italy. In 1834, Tolstoy was assigned as a “student” to the Moscow archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since 1837 he served in the Russian mission in Germany in 1840. received service in St. Petersburg at the royal court. In 1843 - the court rank of chamber cadet. During Tolstoy's lifetime, the only collection of his poems was published (1867). Poems: The last snow is melting, Cranes, Forest Lake, autumn, etc.

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Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky was born on February 19, 1824 in Tula in the family of Dmitry Grigorievich Ushinsky, a retired officer, a small nobleman. Konstantin Dmitrievich's mother, Lyubov Stepanovna, died when he was 12 years old. Konstantin Dmitrievich was a teacher, he created books himself. He called them "Children's World" and "Native Word". He taught me to love my native people and nature. His works: The Scientist Bear, Four Wishes, Geese and Cranes, Eagle, How a Shirt Grew in a Field.

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Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich - Russian poet-lyricist, translator. Born in the Novoselki estate in the Oryol province. Since childhood I loved the poems of A.S. Pushkin. At the age of 14 he was taken to St. Petersburg to study. He showed his poems to Gogol. The first book was published in 1840. His poems: A Wonderful Picture, The Swallows Are Missing, Spring Rain. For the last 19 years of his life he officially bore the surname Shenshin.

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Anton Pavlovich Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is an outstanding Russian writer, playwright, and doctor by profession. Born on January 17, 1860 in Taganrog, Ekaterinoslav province. Anton's early childhood was spent in endless church holidays and name days. On weekdays after school, he guarded his father’s shop, and at 5 am every day he got up to sing in the church choir. At first, Chekhov studied at a Greek school in Taganrog. At the age of 8, after two years of study, Chekhov entered the Taganrog gymnasium. In 1879 he graduated from high school in Taganrog. In the same year, he moved to Moscow and entered the medical faculty of Moscow University, where he studied with famous professors: Nikolai Sklifosovsky, Grigory Zakharyin and others. His works: White-fronted, Kashtanka, In Spring, Spring Waters, etc.